Creffield and the Holy Rollers made page one headlines from 1903 to 1907. When I was researching Holy Rollers: Murder and Madness in Oregon’s Love Cult I spent months transcribing hundreds of articles. I’m not sure why I was so obsessive. Maybe it was my way of immersing my self into a cult without joining one. Anyway, I’m posting them all for those who are really interested in the story, or are interested the history of journalism, or are interested in how a scandalous story played out in the "media" in a by gone era. Since I no doubt made typos and unconsciously corrected papers' typos, these web pages should not be cited in anything serious (e.g. your dissertation). For such projects they should only be used as starting points and you should refer to the original sources. If you want a shorter version of the story, buy my book. Enjoy.
Seattle Daily Times
July 14, 1906: Brothers
Refuse to Aid Esther Mitchell
Brighid Thomas, Jason Haines, Tim Crabtree, and Ed Vilderman
as Esther, George, Perry & Fred Mitchell
Seattle Daily Times 7/14/1906 p1
Brothers Refuse to Aid Esther Mitchell
Perry and Fred Devoting Their Attention to Raising a
Few Dollars to Take Murdered Man’s Body to Newberg, Ore.
Fred and Perry Mitchell will
not assist their sister, Esther, who is locked in a cell in the county jail on
the charge of murdering their brother, George. They do not even intend to see
her before they leave Seattle. Their sympathy is all with their dead brother
and their attention now is devoted to an effort to raise the few dollars
necessary for the removal of his body to Newberg, Or., where they desire to see him laid to rest in a grave beside his mother’s before
they again take up the battle with the world for a living.
The two brothers, completely
reunited by this latest tragedy in their afflicted family, were waiting in vain
in their room at the Hotel Stevens this afternoon for the arrival of their
father and a third brother, Hurley Mitchell, from Dayton, Wash., when they made
this statement. They were asked if they had made any arrangements for securing
legal advice for their sister.
“No,” said Fred Mitchell,
“we haven’t got around to that, and I don’t think we ever will. Esther will
have to get her own lawyers.”
Then Perry, the youngest and
his dead brother’s best friend, spoke up:
DON’T WANT TO SEE HER
“It’s pretty hard,” he said,
and his lip quivered. “She is our sister. We know that, and that’s what makes
it so hard, but after all we’ve done and tried to do, she killed George, and I
don’t see how we can do anything to save her. I don’t believe it will be much
of a trial in court. There isn’t anything to it.”
“Will you go to see her
before you leave?” was asked.
Fred Mitchell sat on the bed
with his elbows on his knees, looking straight ahead. He was silent for two
minutes. Finally he shook his head slowly. He didn’t want to see her.
Perry Mitchell sat in a
chair on the other side of the room, his hat on, his big hand clasping and
unclasping and his eyes filling with the first tears that have apparently been
shed by any of the Mitchell family since they became a center of interest in
Seattle.
“I don’t think,” he said
slowly and brokenly “that I could talk to her after what she’s done. I am sure
that Mrs. Creffield persuaded her to do it, but she killed her own brother
after all he had done for her, and I can’t see what I can do now. I don’t want
to see her.”
HAS ONLY ONE FRIEND
So Esther Mitchell is left
alone with her only friend, the woman who states openly and freely that she
gave her the revolver to kill her brother and that she would have committed the
deed herself had she not feared that she would not have an opportunity such as
the sister.
It is probable that the
defense will have to be undertaken by some lawyer appointed by the court. The
women themselves have made no effort in that direction and it is known that the
families of neither have the money to retain counsel. O. V. Hurt of Corvallis,
father of Mrs. Creffield sacrificed practically everything he had to aid in the
defense of George Mitchell and the father and brothers of Esther are almost
penniless.
The only thing that has been
done in this direction has been by telegrams sent toe Seattle by Mr. Hurt. One
was a pathetic message to his daughter:
What can your papa do for
you, dear?”
The other was addressed to
Morris, Southard and Shipley, attorneys for George Mitchell asking what charge
would be made against his daughter. After a consultation with Prosecuting
Attorney Mackintosh, Mr. Morris wired Mr. Hurt that his daughter would be
charge with murder in the first degree on Monday morning.
AVERSE TO DEFENDING THEM
Both Mr. Morris and Mr.
Shipley stated that their firm would not undertake to defend the two women
unless ordered to do so as any lawyers might be by direction of the court,
under the law which provides that every person accused of crime is entitled to
counsel.
They feel that they would
not be able to adjust their views of the case to the ordinary relations of
attorney and client and are unwilling to act at all.
Mr. Mackintosh expects to
file on information in the superior court on Monday morning charging both of
the women with murder in the first degree. He stated today that he didn’t
believe that either of them was insane and that he expected to have ready
expert testimony to prove that both are sane and responsible for their actions.
To this end, Dr. Loughary has been retained by him and has already had several
talks with the two women in the county jail. He will probably see them at least
once every day for two or three weeks before he submits his findings to the
prosecuting attorney.
One strange thing in
connection with Mrs. Creffield is that since “Joshua,” her husband, failed to
arise from the grave at the end of the fourth day, as she expected, she has
never referred to the religious or fanatical phase of the case. She justifies
the killing of George Mitchell upon the simple ground of personal revenge and
outside of the strange light in her eyes there is nothing to make her view of
the case any different than if her husband had been some hard-working laborer
instead of a professing prophet.
Upon one occasion recently
she visited Creffield’s grave with her father and Mr. Hurt reasoned with her.
“Why is he there, Maud,” he
asked her, “if he is divine?”
“Oh, it isn’t Joshua any more,”
she answered, “it is only Edmund.”
Although it is positively
known that she did predict that her husband would rise from the grave, she has
since repeatedly denied, except to her father, that she ever made the
statement. When asked about it by her father she only said that someone had
been talking too much.
WAS PERSONAL REVENGE
Esther Mitchell explains
part of her murderous animosity toward her brother on the ground that he killed
a “holy man,” but mainly she justifies her act upon the ground that he had
ruined her reputation.
George Mitchell did say that his sister had been ruined by Creffield. He said so to
a representative of The Times in his cell in the county jail the day after his
arrest. It seems, however, that although he believed it, he was mistaken. It
had not yet come to that in her case. But as soon as Esther Mitchell heard that
he had so stated to his attorneys and others she showed the only trace of
emotion she has shown in the whole proceeding. That emotion was bitter anger.
“I’d like to hear him say
that to me,” she said.
And so here, too, it is a
distinctly human, rather than supernatural element which enters the case.
The father believes his
daughter to be still under the spell of Creffield’s teaching and will not
return to Seattle. He was notified of the murder of his son while visiting at
the home of another boy, Hurley Mitchell, near Dayton, Wash. He is on his way
to his own home at Mount Vernon, Ill, and will proceed.
“I don’t see that I could do
anything, if I went back,” he said, and besides the condition of his finances
would make the trip a difficult undertaking.
NO SEARCH FOR HOLY ROLLERS
No effort has been made to
find Frank Hurt or other members of the Holy Roller sect. The prosecutors do
not want them and the police are taking no action.
The autopsy performed upon
George Mitchell revealed a very peculiar wound. It had been supposed that the
bullet had entered the brain and caused instant death. It was found, however,
that it had not touched that organ, but had crashed through the lower bones of
the head and severed the carotid artery. It is probable that the shock of the
bullet rendered the boy unconscious and that he did not die until the rush of
blood from the severed artery had drained his life out a few minutes afterward.
The brain was found to be
perfectly normal and well developed, which was not surprising to those who knew
him. It was plainly stated by the attorneys for the defense that their client
was perfectly sane at the time of the trial and they expected no evidence of
diseased mentality to appear under the knives of the surgeon at the autopsy.
Aside from the observations
of Dr. Loughary, there is no evidence to secure and until some arrangements are
made for the defense of the women there will be no developments in the case. It
must remain a quiescent memory of a horrible tragedy until it is revived by the
trial of the two women in the fall.
Seattle Daily Times 7/14/1906 p4
Seek to Raise Money to Bury Their Brother
Several small offers of
financial assistance to the two Mitchell brothers, now in Seattle have been
made indirectly. The young men are practically penniless and only desire the
twenty or thirty dollars necessary to pay for the removal of their brother’s
body to Newberg, Ore., where there is a lot in the cemetery in which their
mother is buries.
Several of these offers have
been made to the young men in person at the Hotel Stevens and some by telephone
to Morris, Southard, & Shipley, the attorneys who defended George Mitchell.
“It is very kind, “ said
Perry Mitchell this morning. “I never did the like before, but we haven’t time
to wait to earn the money, and I think George ought to be buried beside his
mother. There’s a lot there and there’s room enough for us all in it, and I
think that’s where we all ought to be when our time comes. I hope we can take
him there. I hate to ask any man for money, but I’m afraid we’ll have to now.
Seattle Daily Times 7/14/1906 p6
The Insanity Farce
In the three recent murder
cases--each an apparently deliberate crime--the assassin has been charged with
being insane by those interested in the defense. Each of these cases was
remarkable in the atrocity of the offense. Each showed a strangely calm
condition of the assassin after the crime had been committed. In each case
there seems to have been deliberate intent to murder.
Why are such people alleged
to be insane?
Insanity technical is a
breaking down of the mind. It may be a total eclipse, in which reason is gone
entirely or it may be a slight aberration of a particular part of the brain. To
be sane means a perfect condition, and it has been said there are no really
sane people on earth, that everyone is insane more or less on some topic. In
this last sense they are not termed insane, but cranky, eccentric, queer,
mentally unbalanced, or weak!
Accepting that insanity
which means an irresponsibility for the acts of the
individual as a defense for any of the recent sensational murders committed in
this city is absolute folly.
Every one of the assassins was
undoubtedly as sane as the average man and woman who walks the streets. Every one was equally as responsible for his or her acts as the
average pedestrian on any of our avenues.
The plain and simple truth
is that they had permitted themselves to be controlled by their passion and
have ignored the law. They have with premeditation, determined to avenge their
own wrongs and in their angry mood cared not what the law did with them on
account of their acts.
They simply held themselves
above the law--they ignored the law, and did it with a full knowledge that
their crimes were as black as hell.
The fight for life and for
sympathy comes to them after their passions have cooled and the love for life
and God’s sunlight comes back (illegible) to them. All such persons deserve
that (illegible) one punishment--the full penalty of the law for cold,
deliberate murder?
To say that Mrs. Creffield
or Miss Mitchell is insane because each has followed a pernicious religious
teaching which has led them to ignore law and hate all those who oppose them,
is to say that the man who becomes a criminal and persists in following the
dark and devious paths of the burglar or the thief, instead of the straight and
narrow way, is insane.
Men and women may break the
law of God or the law of man with equal ease and neither is evidence of
insanity.
It may be a strange
perverseness--a morbid selfishness--an utter disregard of the teachings of
civilization--a mere placing of one’s wisdom on a pedestal above that of either
God or civilization, but it is not irresponsibility!
Some men who pretend to be
experts on insanity are as likely to be insane as the persons they examine--for
few men are capable of saying how much of insanity is in a man. Some see
nothing in individuals to indicate insanity but a “strange look” in the eye,
and if the person with the strange look commits a murder, then that strange
look was caused by insanity!
The line of division between
insane persons responsible for their acts and insane persons not responsible
has become in law a farce--a byword--a joke! It is time it became a serious
matter.
When the police were dealing
with the Creffield case they knew they were dealing with religious fanatics--a
class of persons possibly as sincere in their beliefs as any other class of
worshipers.
The association of carnal
pleasures with religious worship made it, apparently, to them, superior to the
ordinary forms of worship. It was contrary to the laws of civilization and it
had to be broken up, and the driving of the sect from the pillar to post and
finally the killing of the “Joshua” who lived in the twentieth century as
“Joshua of old” was believed by them to live--embittered them and made them hat
the law.
The conspiring of these two
women--Esther Mitchell and Maud Creffield--was the sane work of fanatics.
Nothing more. It was no better, nor no worse that the conspiring of the
anarchists before the bomb exploded at the Haymarket in Chicago, except that
this was against an individual instead of against society or organized
government.
To plead that these
women--both equally guilty--were insane, is to plead that there is no law--that
passion and revenge and hatred can take its place if one will only “look
strange out of the eyes” before avenging outside of law the death of loved
ones.
Let us have no more of this
insane sympathy under the insanity plea. Good sound, wholesome law and its
execution are necessary.
Seattle Daily Times 7/14/1906 p4
Four Holy Rollers Living at Everett
EVERETT, Saturday, July 14.--Devotees of Holy Rollerism are flourishing in Everett. So
far as known the followers of the dead Creffield number four, though they are
known to be working to extend their membership. The cult here consists of a man
and three women, living together in a small house in the eastern portion of the
city.
Another man, a former member, disgusted with the practices, left the city, and his wife is one of the three now here with the male Roller.
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
***
Seattle Star July 14, 1906: Mitchell
Boys Are Done With Esther
Seattle Times July 14, 1906: Brothers
Refuse to Aid Esther Mitchell
Seattle Post Intelligencer July 14, 1906: Post Mortem Shows
Mitchell Had Normal Brain
Evening Telegram (Portland) July14, 1906: Family Deserts the Murderess
Oregon Daily Journal (Portland) July 14, 1906: Women
Are Both Charged With Murder
***
July 13, 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother!
July 15, 1906: Hurt Will Come to Aid of His Daughter
***
Newspaper Articles about Creffield & the Holy Rollers
1897-1903: B.C. (Before Creffield)
October to December 1903:Holy Rollers Burn Furniture & Pets
January to March, 1904: Holy Rollers Tarred and Feathered
April to June 1904: Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum
July 1904: Creffield is Found & Arrested
September 1904: Creffield's Trial
April 1906: Men are Gunning For Creffield
May 1906: Creffield is Murdered, Murderer is Considered a Hero
May 1906: Holy Rollers Found Starving Near Heceta Head
June 1906: George Mitchell's Trial Begins
July 1906: Hurt Testifies of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
July 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother
August to October 1906: Seattle Prepares for another Big Trial
November 1906: Maud Hurt Creffield Commits Suicide
April 1909-August 1914: Esther Leaves the Asylum
1953 Stewart Holbrook's Murder Without Tears
1951Startling Detective Magazine, Nemesis of the Nudist High Priest
***
Chapters from
Holy Rollers: Murder & Madness in Oregon's Love Cult
Part 1: The Seduction
Chapter 1: Trust Me, Brothers And Sisters
(Life Before Creffield [B.C.])
Chapter 2: God, Save Us From Compromising Preachers
(Creffield's Preachings)
Chapter 3: The Flock
(Profiles of the Holy Rollers Were)
Chapter 4: The Holy Rollers
(Things Start to Get Wild on on Kiger Island)
Chapter 5: Housecleaning
(There's a Sacrificial Bonfire)
Chapter 6: Community Concerns
(Officers Visit)
Chapter 7: Esther, The Chosen One
(Creffield Plans to Marry 16-Year- Old)
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
(The Men of Corvallis Act)
Chapter 9: Sane People Don’t Go Bareheaded
(Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum)
Chapter 10: More Beast Than Man
( Creffield is Arrested)
Chapter 11: God Will Plead Creffield's Case
(Creffield in Court)
Chapter 12: Scandal
(Shocking Testimony at the Trial)
Chapter 13: Calm Before the Storm
(The Holy Rollers Resume their Lives)
Chapter 14: Giving Up The Ghost
(Men are Gunning for Creffield)
Part Two: The People V. Creffield
Chapter 16: The Widow Creffield
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
Part Three: The Madness
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
Chapter 25: What Can Papa Do For You?
Chapter 26: Human Life is Too Cheap In This Community
Chapter 30: The Final Chapter
(What Happened to Everyone Afterwards)
The Epilogue
(Heaven's Gate)