Creffield and the Holy Rollers made page one headlines from 1903 to 1907. When I was researching Holy Rollers: Murder and Madness in Oregon’s Love Cult I spent months transcribing hundreds of articles. I’m not sure why I was so obsessive. Maybe it was my way of immersing my self into a cult without joining one. Anyway, I’m posting them all for those who are really interested in the story, or are interested the history of journalism, or are interested in how a scandalous story played out in the "media" in a by gone era. Since I no doubt made typos and unconsciously corrected papers' typos, these web pages should not be cited in anything serious (e.g. your dissertation). For such projects they should only be used as starting points and you should refer to the original sources. If you want a shorter version of the story, buy my book. Enjoy.
Evening Telegram (Portland) 3/17/1904
Where Now Is The Apostle?
Creffield, of the Holy Rollers, Much Wanted by the
Law. Thus Far Has Succeeded in Eluding Officers Vigilance.
Where is Joshua Creffield,
the man of self-alleged favor on high, who says he enacts the role of a second
lowly Nazarene?
An officer with a warrant in
his pocket is looking for him--has been since yesterday--but thus far the man
who was routed out of Corvallis in the glare of the twinkling stars with his “divine”
form covered with tar and feathers, has managed, either by accident or design,
to keep under cover. Officer Hawley, in whose hands the warrant was placed, has
looked high and low for him, but the former Corvallis “apostle” has nowhere
been found.
In the meantime, the state’s
case against him has been materially strengthened by evidence collected by
District Attorney John Manning today, and offered the opinion that there is no
in the hands of his office facts of a sufficiently damaging character to send
Creffield to the State Penitentiary.
This morning Mrs. Donna
Starr, wife of B. E. Starr, who swore to the warrant for the arrest of the “apostle,”
affixed her signature to a signed statement that there were improper relations
between her and Creffield at the Worrell home in Fulton.
b. E. Starr, the complainant
against Creffield declares that he will have justice if he has to take the law
into his own hands. In the meantime, says he, he will do all that in his power
to prosecute the man whom he charges with ruining his home, but it that fails,
he will attend to him personally. He spoke feelingly of the matter today, and
said that if he could only find the “cur” he would do all that he could to send
him to the penitentiary.
Starr, who resides at 349
East Yamhill Street, says that the affections of his wife have been attained by
the vicious teachings of the Corvallis fanatic. Starr says that his wife met
Creffield and his crowd while on a visit to Corvallis during the recent rampage
of the fanatical sect. She was won over into the rank of sisters he says and
there her mind was poisoned against him by the teachings there meted out.
Of such a character were
these instructions, says Mr. Starr, that his wife refused to shake hands with
him when he went to Corvallis to see her because she had been taught to have
nothing to do with him on account of his relations with the wicked world. Starr
says he brought his wife to Portland by force in order to get her away from the
influence of Creffield.
Their relations had about
been readjusted, he says, when Creffield, routed out of Corvallis, came to
Portland about a month ago, and then his wife went back to him again. Now, he
says, she will not kiss him because he belongs to the world and is outside the
pale of the select sect of the Creffield contingency. Creffield’s wife says
Starr went to his wife upon their arrival in Portland, and persuaded her to go
back into the ranks.
Creffield, according to
Starr, has advanced in his relations with the ethereal realm since his enforced
nocturnal exodus from Corvallis, for while he was there nothing more than “Chief
Apostle” he has now been advanced to the rank of the second Savior, and teaches
the day of Pentecost, with the end of the world in immediate view. They were
all going to foreign lands, pending the annihilation of material things, says
he and his wife was to go to china as a missionary. She still clings to
Creffield, says Starr, although he is informed that the Worrells have renounced
him and refused to have anything more to do with him.
Where Creffield is, Mr. Starr
says, is something he would like to know. He did not begin to look for him
until last Monday and then found that he had gone from the Worrell home. He
went to Corvallis, and nothing could be learned of him there. His followers
refuse to divulge anything. He believes the man to be in hiding somewhere, and
says he thinks he is getting scared, and that if he isn’t, he thinks it is
about time for him to begin feeling that way.
“Did you have a revolver when
you went to Corvallis to look for Creffield?” was asked.
“I knew there was one there,”
came the reply, but as to whether he would have used it in case he found
Creffield, Mr. Starr said he would not like to say. He did remark just before
that, however, that if he could see Creffield with a six-shooter it might be
better.
Until last Monday Starr was
employed at the Lehman meat market on the East Side. He has been employed at
intervals with the Standard Oil Company in this city for the last five years. Mr.
and Mrs. Starr have two children, both little girls.
Oregon Daily Journal (Portland) 3/17/1904 p4
Roller” Prophet Is Still Missing
Joshua Creffield, the leader
of the “Holy Rollers,” who is wanted on a serious charge, has not yet been
located. The warrant was issued yesterday morning by District Attorney Manning,
and was placed in the hands of Detective Hawley late in the afternoon. It was
thought that Creffield was in Rainier, but the marshal made a search and failed
to find the much-wanted man.
Further efforts are being
made today to locate Creffield, but it is feared that he learned of the
issuance of the warrants and that he has made his escape to some out-of-the-way
place.
Oregon Daily Journal (Portland) 3/17/1904 p4
Old Mount Rainier May Become Active
(Journal Special Service)
Seattle, March 17.--The directions of the undulations and indulations at different northwestern points where last night’s earthquake shock was felt
show it was caused by some subterranean disturbance with Mt. Rainier as the
center. The people fear Mt. Rainier may become an active volcano.
Oregon Daily Journal (Portland) 3/18/1904 p4
Apostle Creffield Gets Out Of Country
It is the belief of the
police that Joshua Creffield, leader of the “Holy Rollers,” now being sought on
a criminal charge, has made his escape from this part of the country. He cannot
be located, although great efforts have been made. It was at first thought that
he was at Rainier, but he left there, if he ever was there.
B. E. Starr, who signed the
complaint against Creffield, calls at the police station every few hours to
seek news of the man who is said to have broken up his home, but each time he
has been disappointed.
“I have an idea that
Creffield has fled the country,” said Starr today. “He probably learned that a
warrant was out for him, and took the first opportunity to make his escape. His
wife is at Corvallis, I understand.”
Corvallis Times 3/19/1904 p3
Creffield, the Holy Roller
apostle is wanted by Portland officers on a criminal charge that the Oregonian
says will likely land him in the penitentiary. The charge is
made by B. E. Starr whose wife is named in the complaint. The
allegations seem to be that under the cloak of religion the scoundrel was a
betrayer. The Times always held him up as a fraud, and was criticized for it. Its
position is more than vindicated by the revelations in the Portland courts,
where is the statement that he is liable to a dozen charges of the sort. The
scamp is in hiding.
Chapter of Holy Rollers where these articles are some of the sources:
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
March 16, 1904: Holy Rollers to Be Arrested
on Serious Charge
March 21, 1904: Reward For Creffield's Capture
***
Newspaper Articles about Creffield & the Holy Rollers
1897-1903: B.C. (Before Creffield)
October to December 1903:Holy Rollers Burn Furniture & Pets
January to March, 1904: Holy Rollers Tarred and Feathered
April to June 1904: Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum
July 1904: Creffield is Found & Arrested
September 1904: Creffield's Trial
April 1906: Men are Gunning For Creffield
May 1906: Creffield is Murdered, Murderer is Considered a Hero
May 1906: Holy Rollers Found Starving Near Heceta Head
June 1906: George Mitchell's Trial Begins
July 1906: Hurt Testifies of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
July 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother
August to October 1906: Seattle Prepares for another Big Trial
November 1906: Maud Hurt Creffield Commits Suicide
April 1909-August 1914: Esther Leaves the Asylum
1953 Stewart Holbrook's Murder Without Tears
1951Startling Detective Magazine, Nemesis of the Nudist High Priest
***
Chapters from
Holy Rollers: Murder & Madness in Oregon's Love Cult
Part 1: The Seduction
Chapter 1: Trust Me, Brothers And Sisters
(Life Before Creffield [B.C.])
Chapter 2: God, Save Us From Compromising Preachers
(Creffield's Preachings)
Chapter 3: The Flock
(Profiles of the Holy Rollers Were)
Chapter 4: The Holy Rollers
(Things Start to Get Wild on on Kiger Island)
Chapter 5: Housecleaning
(There's a Sacrificial Bonfire)
Chapter 6: Community Concerns
(Officers Visit)
Chapter 7: Esther, The Chosen One
(Creffield Plans to Marry 16-Year- Old)
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
(The Men of Corvallis Act)
Chapter 9: Sane People Don’t Go Bareheaded
(Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum)
Chapter 10: More Beast Than Man
( Creffield is Arrested)
Chapter 11: God Will Plead Creffield's Case
(Creffield in Court)
Chapter 12: Scandal
(Shocking Testimony at the Trial)
Chapter 13: Calm Before the Storm
(The Holy Rollers Resume their Lives)
Chapter 14: Giving Up The Ghost
(Men are Gunning for Creffield)
Part Two: The People V. Creffield
Chapter 16: The Widow Creffield
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
Part Three: The Madness
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
Chapter 25: What Can Papa Do For You?
Chapter 26: Human Life is Too Cheap In This Community
Chapter 30: The Final Chapter
(What Happened to Everyone Afterwards)
The Epilogue
(Heaven's Gate)