Creffield and the Holy Rollers made page one headlines from 1903 to 1907. When I was researching Holy Rollers: Murder and Madness in Oregon’s Love Cult I spent months transcribing hundreds of articles. I’m not sure why I was so obsessive. Maybe it was my way of immersing my self into a cult without joining one. Anyway, I’m posting them all for those who are really interested in the story, or are interested the history of journalism, or are interested in how a scandalous story played out in the "media" in a by gone era. Since I no doubt made typos and unconsciously corrected papers' typos, these web pages should not be cited in anything serious (e.g. your dissertation). For such projects they should only be used as starting points and you should refer to the original sources. If you want a shorter version of the story, buy my book. Enjoy.
September 15, 1906: Mrs. Creffield’s Trial Set for Next Month
HEADLINES IN
PAPERS FOR THE SAME ARTICLE
Seattle Daily Times 9/15/1906
Sets Creffield Case for Trial in October
Oregon Daily Journal (Portland) 9/16/1906 p14
Mrs. Creffield’s Trial Set for Next Month
Judge Frater, Upon Motion of Prosecuting Attorney,
Fixes Date When Woman Shall Face Jury.
Judge Frater this morning
set the case of Mrs. Maud Hurt Creffield, charged jointly with Esther Mitchell
with murder in the first degree, for trial on October 12. Although the insanity
commission that is now examining into the woman’s alleged insanity has not
completed its labors, Prosecuting Attorney Mackintosh wished the case to be set
down for trial.
Esther Mitchell’s trial has
already been set for September 24. The prosecuting attorney will demand that
the women be tried, even should the commission find them to be insane.
Seattle Star 9/15/1906 p1
Trial Set for Mrs. Creffield
Mrs. Maud Creffield, who is
to be tried separately from Esther Mitchell, but charged jointly with the
killing of George Mitchell, is to be on trial October 12 before Judge Frater,
providing the medical commission now making the examination of the women does
not find her insane.
The commission is in session
this afternoon, but is being conducted behind closed doors.
HEADLINES IN
PAPERS FOR THE SAME ARTICLE
Seattle Post Intelligencer
9/15/1906 p5
Secret Sessions in Mitchell Case
Corvallis Gazette 9/18/1906 p1
Secret Sessions in Mitchell Case
Commission Inquires Concerning Practices of Holy
Rollers. Prosecutor is Examined.
Physicians Who May Testify in Murder Trial Later Are Questioned.
The hearing of the insanity
commission in the Creffield-Mitchell examination was yesterday held behind
closed doors for the most part and not even the attorneys interested in the
proceedings were admitted. O. V. Hurt, the father of Mrs. Creffield, and his
son, Frank Hurt, were examined for some time. The result was shown later in the
trial of the case, when questions were asked other witnesses.
During the afternoon a
second closed door session was held, when Dr. John B. Loughary was examined. In
the evening the physicians once more held their session alone, for another physician,
Dr. Nicholson, was examined.
PROSECUTOR IS EXAMINED
The most important witness
during the morning was John F. Miller, deputy prosecuting attorney. He related
without interruption the conversations that he has had since coming in contact
with the two women in his official position, bringing out the love they show
for each other and the inattention which Esther Mitchell is declared to have
said her brothers gave her.
He had learned, he said, the
Esther had shot her brother partly on account of the killing of Creffield and
partly on account of the statements made by George Mitchell after his arrest
for the murder of the Holy Roller leader when he gave his reasons for the act.
He said the girl had told him that George Mitchell was an immoral man, her
brother Fred was addicted to the use of liquor and that she had never been able
to get on with her father and stepmother, and so did not care to live with
them.
The women, continued Mr.
Miller, had always been reticent about their creed. They seemed to believe in a
life after death. He declared his disbelief in the assertions that there were
immoral practices concerned in the religion. He admitted that the letter
written by Esther Mitchell at the time she was in the home in Portland might
bespeak a diseased mind. [(Corvallis Gazette) He declared his disbelief in the
immoral procedures alleged to have been indulged in by the followers of
Creffield, but said that if such practices were carried on they were certainly
unusual and irrational.]
TELLS OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICES
During the morning Mr. Hurt
and his son were examined carefully. Their testimony concerned the alleged
practices indulged in by the Holy Rollers. According to their declarations
these were even more vicious and immoral than the former reports have made
them. [(Corvallis Gazette) According to the witnesses the exercises were far
more vile than would be gathered even from the reports that have gone out.] Mr.
Hurt, Sr., said it was one of the beliefs of the church that Creffield was to
be martyred and would be shot, and further that one of the members would be
called to avenge his death. He also made the statement that there have been
several cases of insanity in his family.
During the morning session
Chief of Police Wappenstein was called with a number of his officers. Chief
Wappenstein verified the statement made by Mrs. Creffield after the shooting of
George Mitchell, as published in the Post-Intelligencer, and also that made by
Esther Mitchell at the same time. The statements were further
verified by Detective Frank Kennedy, who had taken them in short hand.
George Brown, Capt. Sullivan and J. L. Barck, other members of the city force,
were also examined. The admitted that the case stands out prominently among
other criminal cases that have come under their attention because of the
coolness of the women. The only indication of either of them
having been nervous was related by Officer Brown, who arrested Mrs. Creffield
on Broadway. He declared that while bringing her to the station she was
continually looking about her. Later she told him she feared she might be
killed by some of Mitchell’s relatives.
PHYSICIAN IS HEARD
Dr. Bories was called. He
had attended Creffield after the man had been shot down by
Mitchell, and Mrs. Creffield was present with the body when he arrived.
He declared she showed no sign of sorrow, but that when he pronounced the man
dead, she said he was not dead but would rise again in a few hours. E. O.
Kelsey, a reporter, was called later in the day and he recited his experiences
with the two women after the shooting of Mitchell.
It was stated on Thursday
night that Mrs. O. V. Hurt had arrived from Corvallis in response to the
telegram sent her, but yesterday it materialized that the shock of the
announcement of the examination proved to be more than she could endure, and
she collapsed. If she is brought here now it will be necessary for attendants
to accompany her, for she is very low.
The physicians declared
yesterday that they may not be able to finish their
work before the fist of next week.
HEADLINES IN
PAPERS FOR THE SAME ARTICLE
Seattle Post Intelligencer 9/16/1906 p7
Insanity Hearing May Close Monday
Corvallis Gazette 9/18/1906 p1
Insanity Hearing May Close Monday
Examination of Mrs. Creffield and Esther Mitchell by
Commission Next Move.
The hearing of Esther
Mitchell and Mrs. Maud Creffield, which is being conducted in the superior
court by a commission to determine the question of the sanity of the women,
will probably be concluded on Monday. It is not likely that the physicians will
be ready to make their report to the court until later in the week. One of the
members said yesterday that the testimony will be in by Monday night, and that
the commission will then go over the transcribed copy of the proceedings and determine the mental condition of the women.
Deputy Prosecuting Attorney
Miller stated some days ago that he desired to introduce evidence in rebuttal
when the physicians had finished their examinations, and it is expected that
other of the attorneys interested may also wish to take the same step.
According to statements of the members of the commission this will be allowed
if requested.
At the session of the board
yesterday, Jailers Thomas Smith and Larsen, of the county jail, were called.
They told of the conduct of the two women since their incarceration, and both
declared their belief in the sanity of the prisoners. They said, however, that
both Esther Mitchell and Mrs. Creffield acted unlike any other prisoners they
had ever had to deal with. Police Officer Mason, of the city force, was also
examined. He made the arrest of Esther Mitchell after the shooting of her
brother. His testimony was along the same lines as that given by other officers
of the force, and nothing new was developed.
Following the adjournment of
the board the examiners paid a visit to the two women in their quarters in the
county jail. There they found the little cell as clean as it can be kept, with
white linen on the cot, clean towels and handkerchiefs and other necessary
articles hung about the place. For a long time the physicians talked with the
women, letting the conversation drift from one topic to another, frequently
asking questions of a personal nature. The visit was made especially for the
purpose of learning the general habits and condition of the women and the
manner in which they cared for themselves in their temporary home.
On Monday the commission
will examine the women, and it is intended to devote the entire day to this
part of the program. One of the prisoners will be heard during the morning
session and the other during the afternoon, and they will not be allowed to see
or converse with each other during the day, or until the examination of both is
concluded. Unless it is found necessary to call Mrs. O. V. Hurt from her home
to be examined, the hearing will end so far as the commission is concerned, on
Monday evening, or at the conclusion of the examination of the women.
Seattle Post Intelligencer 9/16/1906 p7
Creffield Murder Trial on Oct. 22
Cochran Assault Case and Marfaudilli Hearing Are Also
Assigned.
If the commission now
occupied in examining into the sanity of Mrs. Maud Hurt Creffield finds that
the woman is not mentally unbalanced, she will be tried on a charge of murder
in the first degree on October 22. The charge is the result of the shooting of
George Mitchell by his sister, Esther, at the Union station, July 12. The woman
is implicated in the crime through statements she made after the tragedy in
which she declared she had intended to do the deed herself, but did not have
the opportunity and so allowed the young girl to act. The date for the trial of
Esther Mitchell has not yet been set.
The first of the more
interesting cases that are to be heard during the fall term of the criminal court, is that of William Cochrane, a pioneer settler of the
county, charged with assault with intent to kill Thomas J. Sharkey, a pioneer
neighbor. This will be heard on October 1. The information charging Cochrane
with the crime sets out that he shot Sharkey three time through the body,
inflicting wounds from which the man came very near dying. Both of the parties
are well known throughout the county, and each is now asking damages of the
other for personal injuries. Cochrane alleges that Sharkey assaulted him with a
pitchfork.
On October 8, the hearing of
Julius Marfaudilli will be had. He is charged with murder in the second degree.
The information states that he set a trap in a trunk in a lodging house in
Seattle and that while his landlady, Mrs. Bailey, was attempting to lift the
trunk lid the gun exploded, killing her. The defendant was brought into court
to enter his plea to the charge preferred against him, but was not allowed to
do so on account of a motion to make the information more plain which is now
under advisement. He will plead on Tuesday, at which time the decision of the
court will be made.
RILEY GETS TEN YEARS
Charles Riley, found guilty a few days ago of robbery, was arraigned to receive sentence. A strong plea was made to the (the rest of the article was cut off)
Chapter of Holy Rollers where these articles are some of the sources:
Chapter 28: Insanity?
***
September 14, 1906: Women Not Agitated
September 17, 1906: Mrs. Creffield on Stand
***
Newspaper Articles about Creffield & the Holy Rollers
1897-1903: B.C. (Before Creffield)
October to December 1903:Holy Rollers Burn Furniture & Pets
January to March, 1904: Holy Rollers Tarred and Feathered
April to June 1904: Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum
July 1904: Creffield is Found & Arrested
September 1904: Creffield's Trial
April 1906: Men are Gunning For Creffield
May 1906: Creffield is Murdered, Murderer is Considered a Hero
May 1906: Holy Rollers Found Starving Near Heceta Head
June 1906: George Mitchell's Trial Begins
July 1906: Hurt Testifies of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
July 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother
August to October 1906: Seattle Prepares for another Big Trial
November 1906: Maud Hurt Creffield Commits Suicide
April 1909-August 1914: Esther Leaves the Asylum
1953 Stewart Holbrook's Murder Without Tears
1951Startling Detective Magazine, Nemesis of the Nudist High Priest
***
Chapters from
Holy Rollers: Murder & Madness in Oregon's Love Cult
Part 1: The Seduction
Chapter 1: Trust Me, Brothers And Sisters
(Life Before Creffield [B.C.])
Chapter 2: God, Save Us From Compromising Preachers
(Creffield's Preachings)
Chapter 3: The Flock
(Profiles of the Holy Rollers Were)
Chapter 4: The Holy Rollers
(Things Start to Get Wild on on Kiger Island)
Chapter 5: Housecleaning
(There's a Sacrificial Bonfire)
Chapter 6: Community Concerns
(Officers Visit)
Chapter 7: Esther, The Chosen One
(Creffield Plans to Marry 16-Year- Old)
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
(The Men of Corvallis Act)
Chapter 9: Sane People Don’t Go Bareheaded
(Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum)
Chapter 10: More Beast Than Man
( Creffield is Arrested)
Chapter 11: God Will Plead Creffield's Case
(Creffield in Court)
Chapter 12: Scandal
(Shocking Testimony at the Trial)
Chapter 13: Calm Before the Storm
(The Holy Rollers Resume their Lives)
Chapter 14: Giving Up The Ghost
(Men are Gunning for Creffield)
Part Two: The People V. Creffield
Chapter 16: The Widow Creffield
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
Part Three: The Madness
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
Chapter 25: What Can Papa Do For You?
Chapter 26: Human Life is Too Cheap In This Community
Chapter 30: The Final Chapter
(What Happened to Everyone Afterwards)
The Epilogue
(Heaven's Gate)