Creffield and the Holy Rollers made page one headlines from 1903 to 1907. When I was researching Holy Rollers: Murder and Madness in Oregon’s Love Cult I spent months transcribing hundreds of articles. I’m not sure why I was so obsessive. Maybe it was my way of immersing my self into a cult without joining one. Anyway, I’m posting them all for those who are really interested in the story, or are interested the history of journalism, or are interested in how a scandalous story played out in the "media" in a by gone era. Since I no doubt made typos and unconsciously corrected papers' typos, these web pages should not be cited in anything serious (e.g. your dissertation). For such projects they should only be used as starting points and you should refer to the original sources. If you want a shorter version of the story, buy my book. Enjoy.
August 8, 1906: St. Louis Woman Coming to Convert “Rollers”
Evening Telegram (Portland) 8/8/1906 p9
St. Louis Woman Coming to Convert “Rollers”
Mrs. von Porten Wants to
Stop “Burning of Children.”
Troubles of the Holy Rollers
are unceasing, and what few of the Rollers there are left are now threatened with an attack of missionaryitis. It
has remained for people in St. Louis, Mo., to discover that the Holy Rollers
need reformation, and to accomplish this end they are preparing to send Mrs.
Bertha von Porten here.
Fame of the Corvallis
fanatics spread over the country a few years ago, when Creffield first
organized his crowd in the little Oregon town. Since then the assassination of
Creffield by George Mitchell and the subsequent murder of Mitchell by his
sister, Esther, made the Holy Rollers even more prominent. The genuine Holy
Rollers are practically disbanded, but the name has been given to other small
bunches of fanatics, one such being in California. It was recently announced in
the dispatches that the Holy Rollers (California brand) were preparing to
immolate their children. This is what caused the St. Louis crusaders to act.
Some one in the St. Louis
Post-Dispatch has written the following weird description of what the crusaders
imagine is an every day affair with the Holy Rollers:
Picture to yourself, if your
imagination, has the strength, a meeting of the Holy Rollers, where men and
women shout frenziedly, draw themselves into contortions and then roll about
the floor as if they were wild beasts or humans possessed by demons. Intensify
the picture by giving it as a companion one in which the Holy Rollers are
offering a sacrifice. See a great fire surrounded by women and children who
hold loved things in their hands and cast them forth in the flames as they are
moved by the words of a leader. See, also, mistily, however, the same flames
blazing as if they waited for more, and think of the little children that are
to be their human fuel, if the press dispatches from the West correctly
forecast the future intentions of the curious sect.”
After reading the foregoing
literary gem, it is not to be wondered that Mrs. Bertha von Porten began making plans to convert the members of the flock and show them the error
of their way. Mrs. von Porten cannot speak a word of
English, but is confident that she will be able to open up a line of
conversation with the benighted Corvallis people. She lays great stress on the
alleged fact that the Holy Rollers believe in sacrificing children.
The date of Mrs. von Porten’s departure for the scene of her missionary work has
not been set, and unless she hastens there will be no Holy Rollers for her to
convert.
Oregon Daily Journal (Portland) 8/8/1906 p12
Woman Robs Husband to Join Holy Rollers
Los Angeles Cripple Deserted by Spouse, Who Takes
Child With Her.
(Journal Special Service.)
Los Angeles, Sept. 8.-- Emil Hugo, a crippled blacksmith, living at 1308 East
Ninth street, last Wednesday reported the disappearance of his wife, with their
7-year-old daughter Lillian. He attributes their departure to “Holy Rollers.”
Hugo says his wife and a male companion forcibly took $110 from him as he was
hobbling along near Eighth and San Pedro streets.
The Hugos came from Pennsylvania about a year ago. Soon afterward the husband was
stricken with paralysis. Since then, Mrs. Hugo has been working in a laundry
and her friends say that it was her own money which she took from Hugo.
It is said, however, that
Mrs. Hugo has sought refuge at the home of the Swedish minister, where her
husband claims she is under control of the “Holy Rollers,” whose meetings she
has been attending.
Evening Telegram (Portland) 8/8/1906 p9
Roasts the ‘Rollers
TELEGRAM’S SALEM BUREAU, Aug
8.-- “Holy Rollerism is of the devil, free lovism is anti-Christian, and no man is either honorable or
Christian, and no man is either honorable or Christian to preach or practice
them. Holy rollers are free lovers are both alike and under the spell of
delusion.” Rev. M. L. Ryan, of the local Holiness
Mission, in an exhaustive article in the Mission’s publication called the
Light. In explaining the difference between the belief of his particular sect
of religious workers and the Holy Rollers of the Creffield type, and in defense
of his church against the charge or inference that his people were tending
toward Holy Rollerism as criminal fanaticism under the guise of religion. “The
devil is the author of fanaticism,” he says, “and he has launched it for the
purpose of thrusting directly at the true faith of Christ. There should be, and
probably will be a law enacted to restrict and imprison fanatics whose
teachings uphold crime in the practice of religious worship. Such a law would
not be unconstitutional, neither would it be against free religious worship of
this country. God’s word declares that men shall be visited with strong delusion
in the last days, and what more convincing proof is there of the truth of this
prophecy than exist all around us? Rollers with free love proclivities are
religious perverts. Holy Rollerism is not inspired by God, but by demons. These
are the days of all kinds of perverts, religious, moral and otherwise. Holy
people are clean, honorable and law-abiding, while Holy-Rollers are deluded,
fallen and tending toward crime.”
Seattle Star 8/11/1906 p1
Are Like the Holy Rollers
Oklahoma Sect To Be Prosecuted On Charge Of Immoral
Habitation--Leader Claims Divine Power.
(Star Special Service.)
OKLAHOMA CITY, Okla., Aug 11.--A man named John Sharp with about 40 followers, has
turned up near this city and claims that he is God Almighty. The band is living
in tents. They claim all sorts of nonsensical foolishness and live together in
disregard of moral or civil law.
Charges have been filed in
the district court of this city and a legal battle will be vigorously
prosecuted to rid the community of the objectionable crowd.
Oregon Daily Journal (Portland) 8/25/1906 p12
Holy Roller Makes Human Torch as Sacrifice
California Woman Pours Oil Over Herself, Lights It
and Dies From Burns.
(Journal Special Service.)
San Bernardino, Cal., Aug.
25.-- In an excess of religious zeal following the
advent of the Holy Rollers in southern California, Mrs. Josephine Burton Young
yesterday deliberately set herself on fire, hoping by martyrdom of flames to
reach the heavenly throne. the woman had become a
religious fanatic following continuous attendance of these frenzied meetings,
and only a few days ago had been ordered confined in a hospital.
She escaped from there in
men’s clothes, making her way back home. Her daughter saw her drink oil from
the lamp, pour more oil over her hair and dress and when the frightened girl
returned with her father they beheld the unfortunate mother writhing in flames.
Screaming she ran through
the yard, her agonized cries being succeeded by prayers such as Holy Rollers
use. Her husband caught her and smothered the flames, but the woman died last
night.
Mrs. Young was one of
several women in this community who had been rendered flighty after persistent
attendance at the meetings of a strange sect which teaches that sacrifices like those in ancient days are still necessary.
Oregon Daily Journal (Portland) 9/4/1906 p1
White Women Join Negroes in Frenzy of Religious Orgy
(Journal Special Service.)
Los Angeles, Sept 4.-- A wave of religious fanaticism that has swept over
southern California reached a climax last night when at a ramshackle Negro
church on Azusa street scores of seemingly respectable white women and a few
white men rubbed noses with greasy Senegambias, who
were most eager for young, unattended white girls to join the church.
At the height of the meeting, a prepossessing white woman arose, and after waving her hands to secure silence, testified that she left her husband and children in order to follow a Negro. she declared the Lord had told her to leave her family, and in her frenzy threw her arms about the one-eyed Negro leader and shouted his praises. Pandemonium reigned supreme when the meeting was practically turned over to the Negroes at 10 o’clock. Black wrenches threw themselves on the floor and cackled and gobbled. All claimed entire satisfaction. The police were frequently compelled to interfere with the meetings to prevent the maniacs from harming themselves or others.
Chapter of Holy Rollers where these articles are some of the sources:
Chapter 28: Insanity?
***
August 6, 1906: Mitchell Boys in Drunken Row
August 12, 1906: Esther Mitchell Close to Death from Typhoid
***
Newspaper Articles about Creffield & the Holy Rollers
1897-1903: B.C. (Before Creffield)
October to December 1903:Holy Rollers Burn Furniture & Pets
January to March, 1904: Holy Rollers Tarred and Feathered
April to June 1904: Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum
July 1904: Creffield is Found & Arrested
September 1904: Creffield's Trial
April 1906: Men are Gunning For Creffield
May 1906: Creffield is Murdered, Murderer is Considered a Hero
May 1906: Holy Rollers Found Starving Near Heceta Head
June 1906: George Mitchell's Trial Begins
July 1906: Hurt Testifies of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
July 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother
August to October 1906: Seattle Prepares for another Big Trial
November 1906: Maud Hurt Creffield Commits Suicide
April 1909-August 1914: Esther Leaves the Asylum
1953 Stewart Holbrook's Murder Without Tears
1951Startling Detective Magazine, Nemesis of the Nudist High Priest
***
Chapters from
Holy Rollers: Murder & Madness in Oregon's Love Cult
Part 1: The Seduction
Chapter 1: Trust Me, Brothers And Sisters
(Life Before Creffield [B.C.])
Chapter 2: God, Save Us From Compromising Preachers
(Creffield's Preachings)
Chapter 3: The Flock
(Profiles of the Holy Rollers Were)
Chapter 4: The Holy Rollers
(Things Start to Get Wild on on Kiger Island)
Chapter 5: Housecleaning
(There's a Sacrificial Bonfire)
Chapter 6: Community Concerns
(Officers Visit)
Chapter 7: Esther, The Chosen One
(Creffield Plans to Marry 16-Year- Old)
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
(The Men of Corvallis Act)
Chapter 9: Sane People Don’t Go Bareheaded
(Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum)
Chapter 10: More Beast Than Man
( Creffield is Arrested)
Chapter 11: God Will Plead Creffield's Case
(Creffield in Court)
Chapter 12: Scandal
(Shocking Testimony at the Trial)
Chapter 13: Calm Before the Storm
(The Holy Rollers Resume their Lives)
Chapter 14: Giving Up The Ghost
(Men are Gunning for Creffield)
Part Two: The People V. Creffield
Chapter 16: The Widow Creffield
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
Part Three: The Madness
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
Chapter 25: What Can Papa Do For You?
Chapter 26: Human Life is Too Cheap In This Community
Chapter 30: The Final Chapter
(What Happened to Everyone Afterwards)
The Epilogue
(Heaven's Gate)