Creffield and the Holy Rollers made page one headlines from 1903 to 1907. When I was researching Holy Rollers: Murder and Madness in Oregon’s Love Cult I spent months transcribing hundreds of articles. I’m not sure why I was so obsessive. Maybe it was my way of immersing my self into a cult without joining one. Anyway, I’m posting them all for those who are really interested in the story, or are interested the history of journalism, or are interested in how a scandalous story played out in the "media" in a by gone era. Since I no doubt made typos and unconsciously corrected papers' typos, these web pages should not be cited in anything serious (e.g. your dissertation). For such projects they should only be used as starting points and you should refer to the original sources. If you want a shorter version of the story, buy my book. Enjoy.
July 4, 1906: Creffield’s Unsavory Record Presented to the Jury
HEADLINES IN
PAPERS FOR THE SAME ARTICLE
Morning Oregonian (Portland) 7/4/1906 p1
Oregon Men Are Star Witnesses
(illegible) Creffield’s Unsavory Record to Jury
(illegible) Of His Strange Power
George Mitchell’s Defense is Now Clearly Outlined.
Inspired To Do Murder
(illegible) God Told Him He Must Remove Holy Roller
Prophet From Earth--Talked With Spirit of Dead Mother.
Evening Telegram (Portland) 7/4/1906 p8
Called by God to Kill Prophet
George Mitchell’s Wrongs Had Unbalanced Him Says O.
V. Hurt
SEATTLE, Wash., July 3.--(Special.)--
(Evening Telegram (Portland))
The trial of George Mitchell, executioner of Holy Roller “Joshua” Creffield,
will be resumed tomorrow, proceedings being suspended today.
Two men of middle age, both
substantial citizens of Oregon, heads of families and men of domestic
tendencies, told in the Superior Court here today, how a wolf in sheep’s
clothing skulked into their homes and destroyed their families and peace of
mind. One man, Burgess Starr, of Portland, broke down and cried like a child as
he told of Edmund Creffield’s sinister influence over Mrs. Starr, a power that
drove her to abandon her children in the dead of night and to yield to the
lecherous fanatic every command.
It was pitifully apparent as
Starr spoke that his mental balance has been affected by the awful strain. Sobbing
with his head between his hands, he declared during a recess of court that he
would give his soul up to damnation a thousand times if he might thereby
restore his family to the happy state in which it was before Creffield’s
advent.
The other man was O. V. Hurt
of Corvallis, who completed the story of Holy Rollerism which he commenced on Monday, filling in all the hideous details. Mr. Starr was on
the stand but a short time, late in the afternoon, after Mr. Hurt had finished.
He was able, however, to tell much of the wrongs he had suffered at Creffield’s
hands. Although a man of robust stature and intelligent appearance, he was
unable to control his emotions and cried like a boy all the time he was on the
witness stand.
CREFFIELD’S HIDEOUS POWER
Today Mr. Hurt told of the
growth of Creffield’s hideous power over his following, a power that enthralled
its victims like the tentacles of a horrible devilfish destroying their reason
and crushing out all healthy moral instincts. The witness gave a further
insight into the theology of Creffield and Creffield’s victims, showing how the
pernicious, self-styled savior and prophet started his religious career with
simple teachings from the old Bible and culminated it with orgies that would
have brought blushes of shame to the cheek of a satyr.
Hurt’s narrative today
covered Creffield’s movements from the time he (illegible) his first appearance
at Corvallis to his return to that vicinity after being released from the
Oregon penitentiary. He told of the time that Creffield (illegible) secreted
under the floor of the Hurt residence, whence he emerged when the husband and
father was absent and conducted his soul-debasing practices in the name of
religion.
CONTROLS HIS EMOTION
The witness told his story
in a straight forward manner and without any of the
evidence of emotion that he displayed Monday when he was first on the stand. (illegible) he had accustomed himself to (illegible) trying
story; but not withstanding his (illegible) -controlled voice and manner, the
result of the wrongs he had suffered was (illegible) lacking in dramatic force.
The jury (illegible) courtroom were moved by what they
heard. Several of the jurors displayed marked irritation at the frequent interruptions
of the state, with its objections to statements offered by Mr. Hurt in
evidence. The majority of these objections were sustained.
This phase of the case
reached a climax late in the morning when Attorney Morris, on behalf of the
prisoner, arose (illegible) court, following a ruling against him, and demanded
the privilege of defending the client under his legal and constitutional
rights. Judge Frater had just (illegible) a portion of Hurt’s testimony on the
ground that it did not bear directly on the case at bar. Mr. Morris (illegible)
ted in to say that the question objected to was merely
preliminary to the developing of evidence that was permissible. He was shut off by Judge Frater, who informed him that the matter
had been passed upon.
ACCUSE COURT OF UNFAIRNESS
Asking that they jury be
removed from the room, which was done, Mr. Morris entered on the records of the
case that he objected to the court’s obvious partiality and unfairness in his
rulings; that the defendant’s constitutional rights had been violated time and
again in these things; that the court persisted in ruling (illegible) questions
before counsel for the defense was given an opportunity to make himself heard,
and that counsel was restricted from making arguments to the state’s
(illegible) objections.
Mr. Shipley arose when Mr.
Morris had finished, and added to the statement made by his associate.
“We wish to object further
to the feeling displayed by this court in the presence of the jury in passing
upon the questions submitted by us. We submit that the rulings are unfair and
partial.
The jury was then brought
back into the courtroom and the examination of witnesses proceeded with. It was
noted that the defense was allowed more latitude after this protest.
INFLAMED MITCHELL’S MIND
As on Monday’s Hurt’s
testimony was entered under the head of conversations that he had had with
Mitchell prior to the killing, and which tended to affect Mitchell’s mental
state, inasmuch as they fired his imagination and inflamed his mind against
Creffield.
Witness first told of
Creffield’s release from the Oregon penitentiary a few months before the
shooting, and his efforts to get his followers together, which resulted in the
bleak and pitiful camp on the Pacific Coast where several of the women nearly
died of hunger and privation.
“I told Mitchell,” said the
witness, “that his sister, Mrs. Starr, together with my son, Frank Hurt, and
his wife, Olive Sandell, Mrs. Sandell and others had gone to the Coast with
Creffield. I told him that his sister Esther had walked all the way from
Corvallis, a distance of from 90 to 100 miles, to reach Creffield’s camp.
“The day before my son Frank
left with the women for the lonely spot where Creffield had directed them to
go, I had a talk with Frank, in which I told him he was crazy to quit his job
and leave his home to go out on a career such as that on which he was
embarking. He got mad and threatened to have nothing more to do with me. I
asked him if he expected to meet Creffield at the place. He said he supposed
the man would be there. I told him that I doubted it, as the people of Oregon
would not permit such a fiend to live in the state. He insisted that it was
God’s desire he should meet Creffield.
VICTIM OF RELIGIOUS MANIA
Mr. Hurt then related a conversation
with Mitchell, in which it was shown that the defendant’s mind was affected as
regards Creffield and that the defendant himself was the victim of a religious
hallucination.
“Mitchell told me,” he said,
“that he was going out to that Creffield camp. This was after the women had
gone there and the camp had been established. I tried to argue him out of the
plan, and told him Creffield was armed with two revolvers and would brook no
interference. I also told him not to use violence, as my son Frank and my
daughter Maud, Creffield’s wife, were there. He told me he would not hurt Frank
or Maud, but that he was going after Creffield.
“He laughed at the idea of
being hurt by Creffield. He said: ‘God has commanded me to remove that man from
the earth. I am going to follow God’s word and remove him as easily as
possible. I have no fear. God will take care of me.’”
“Then I commenced and told
him,” continued Mr. Hurt, “of the time, just before Creffield was sent to the
penitentiary, when the ‘Holy Roller’ was hidden under the floor of my home. There
was a reward of $150 out for him, and the authorities were hard on his trail,
but there was no trace of him. He had apparently left the country.
Maren McGuire, Alana Crow and Sara Robbin as
Maud, Sarah and Mollie Hurt
HARBORED BY THE WOMEN
“I did not know it at the
time, but later learned that my wife and daughters harbored him, and when I was
away at work he would come out from under the floor and hold his orgies in my
home, where his followers would assemble. During this time, his influence was
at its height. During this time, too, my wife said to me, ‘I hate you, but I
love Edmund Creffield.’
“There were prayer services
and purification services almost daily. Creffield taught them that what he
commanded them to practice did not partake of the quality of lust, but was the
will of God.”
Witness added that Creffield
was particularly solicitous as regards the spiritual welfare of the young
people of his flock.
“Their doings eventually
became such that the Rollers were examined as to their sanity, and my family
was sent to the insane asylum. With his food supply cut off Creffield had a
hard time of it under the house. He was discovered by my
little boy, or he might have died of hunger. The boy was going fishing
and happened to look under the house for something. He saw an object move and
started to run. Creffield called after him, but the boy came direct to me and
told me what he had seen.
MADE HOLY ROLLER MOVE
“I got the Chief of Police
at Corvallis and went to the house. Then I shouted for the man underneath to
come out. He said he was too weak to move. I told him I would come under him
and move him in a way that he would not like if he did not crawl out. He lost
no further time. He had not a stitch of clothing on. His beard had grown a foot
in length and he was a hideous sight. He seemed to be too weak to stand up, and
was a skeleton from forced fasting. We got him some old clothes and took him
quietly to jail telling no one, for fear of mob violence against him.”
Hurt next told of a letter
he had received from Creffield after the fanatic had been released from prison.
The letter was written in California, and was in response to a letter from Hurt
warning the Holy Roller not to come back to Oregon, if he valued his life. The
communication read as follows:
Hurt: God has resurrected
me. I have now got my foot on your neck. God has restored me to my own. I will
return to Oregon and gather together all my followers. Place no obstruction in
my way or God will smite you. CREFFIELD.’”
ACTED LIKE CRAZY MAN
Regarding Mitchell’s
demeanor at the time he told him all these things, Hurt said the defendant
acted like a crazy man, and claimed to have had a message from the spirits
telling him to kill Creffield. Witness was then excused from the stand for the
day.
Charles Shires, a mill owner
of North Yamhill, told of having employed Mitchell five years ago, and of his
good reputation at the time, after which Mr. Starr was called to the witness
stand. While he added much valuable testimony to the records, the bulk of Mr.
Starr’s testimony is yet to come.
In a broken voice, and with
tears welling from his eyes so that he had to dry his cheeks continually with a
handkerchief, Starr described the drawing of his wife into the web of
Creffieldism. He said the climax came when she took to rolling around the floor
of their home all night and refusing to sleep. He
admitted that she was the most fanatical of all Creffield’s followers, and gave
details of her practices that would not bear publication.
She had not hesitate, he
said, to leave her children behind when Creffield summoned her to the Holy
Roller camp on the Pacific, 90 miles from Corvallis. He said he told Mitchell,
his wife’s brother, of these things, which news seemed to affect the young man
strangely, causing him to say he had talked with his mother’s spirit, and that
God had detailed him to kill Creffield.
CRIED OVER THE CHILDREN
The last time witness saw
Mitchell was a few weeks before the killing. Mitchell called at his home, cried
over the little children his wife had deserted and declared to them that he was
going to where their mother was and bring her back to them.
Starr was briefly
cross-examined by Deputy Prosecutor Miller, and an adjournment was then taken
to July 5. Public interest in the case here seems to increase rather than to
diminish with the progress of the trial. The rush of spectators became to great
today that Judge Frater issued an order excluding all who could not be
comfortably seated. Heretofore every inch of standing-room has been taken, and an officer has been kept at the door to fight back the mob
waiting for an opportunity to get in.
Seattle Post Intelligencer 7/4/1906 p1
Tell How Homes Were Broken Up
O. V. Hurt and B. E. Starr, of Corvallis, Testify in
Mitchell Trial
Feared Crefeld’s Power
Apparently Hopeless Effort of Fathers to Protect
Homes Rehearsed
Two men from Corvallis, Or., O. v. Hurt and Burgess E. Starr, occupied the witness
stand in the courtroom where George Mitchell is on trial for his life,
yesterday, for almost the entire day and told the unprintable details of the
alleged ruining of their families and of their own disgrace.
Starr, in the course of his
testimony, said:
Two or three years ago I
first mentioned to George Mitchell that Esther, his sister, was attending the
meetings of Crefeld, and I told him that I did not think it was an appropriate
place for her to go. She was sent to Portland, but got back to Corvallis and
had to be taken back from Corvallis to Portland and placed with the Boys’ and
Girls’ Aid Society. I told him that my wife had been approached by Crefeld to
get Esther out of the school.
“I had a talk with George
Mitchell when he was in the hospital, early in April this year. He said he had
been talking with his mother’s spirit and said: “She told me to look after
Esther, that she was in danger of getting into Crefeld’s power again.’ He
seemed ‘off’ at that time, and told me he was going to kill Crefeld. I thought
him crazy. He said God had told him to kill Crefeld.
MITCHELL WAS DELIRIOUS
The witness stated to Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney John H. Miller, who elicited the information,
that Mitchell was suffering from measles in the hospital, that he was
feverish and delirious.
Two things marked the
testimony of O. V. Hurt yesterday morning, apart from the details of Crefeld’s
power over the followers, and of his gathering of the sect together again near
Waldport, on Yaquina Bay. One was a letter which Hurt
said Crefeld had written him, and which read, he said, somewhat as follows:
Hurt, it is now time for me
to answer your letters. God has resurrected me. I have got my foot on your
neck. God has given me back my own. I will return to
Oregon, and again gather up all my people. Place no obstacle in my way or God
will smite you.”
This letter, the witness
said, was from Los Angeles, where he had sent a request and a warning to
Crefeld to stay away from Oregon after his release from the penitentiary.
The other circumstance of
the morning was the protest made by Attorneys Morris and Shipley against the
rulings of the court, which they claimed amounted to a “partial and unfair
treatment of the defense in violation of his constitutional rights.” Mr.
Shipley protested against what he termed the “heat and feeling displayed by the
court in the presence of the jury in passing on questions submitted for
ruling.” This, he claimed, was prejudicial to the cause of the defendant. These
protests were made a matter of record, in the absence of the jury.
INFLUENCE OF CREFELD
Hurt told of the efforts he
had made to free the mind of his wife from the influences of Holy Rollerism
before Crefeld’s arrest. He said he seemed to be fighting all the time against
some unseen influence. After his wife was sent to the asylum, the “unseen
influence” was discovered in the person of Crefeld under the Hurt house, stark
naked. Of the orgies that had gone on in his home in his absence he learned
subsequently. The sending away of Crefeld’s followers had stopped the mad from
getting food, and when taken out from his den, the man seemed, or pretended, to
be almost too weak to stand up.
The only other witness of
the day was Charles Shires, or North Yamhill, who testified as to Mitchell’s
conduct while working in Shire’s lumber mill in Yamhill County, Oregon.
The witnesses for Thursday,
according to present plans of counsel, will be Perry Mitchell, the Illinois
brother of the defendant, who took charge of Esther, and William D. Gardner and
Prosecuting Attorney John H. Manning, or Portland. Mr. Gardner is in Seattle
today, and Mr. Manning will arrive tomorrow morning.
Seattle Daily Times 7/4/1906 p1
Mitchell Weeps While Starr Testifies
For First Time Since His Arrest Slayer of Creffield
Allows Feelings to Get Better of His Self-Restraint.
Story of His Parting From Sister’s Little Ones Before
Starting Out to Hunt Joshua Unmans Him for Moment.
Pretty Young Woman Who Conceals Identity and Brings
Defendant Roses Adds Mystery to Proceedings.
By E. O. Kelsey
For the first time since he
was placed on trial for the killing of Joshua Creffield, George Mitchell
yesterday afternoon permitted his emotions to gain ascendancy over his stoicism
which has marked his demeanor ever since his arrest. From Monday morning when
he listened to Attorney Shipley’s graphic recital of the almost unbelievable
practices of the Holy Rollers until the close of court yesterday afternoon this
farmer boy has been under the terrible strain of hearing the story of his
sisters disgrace unfolded to a carping public and although the leash in which
he has bound his feelings has tightened to the breaking point time and again it
held true until this moment.
It was the sobbed out story
of Burgess Starr, Mitchell’s brother-in-law, which broke down the barrier of
self repression the latter has maintained throughout the weary days he has
spent in court while the men who are defending him and the women who are doing
the duty they are sworn to perform for the state blocked and counter blocked in
an effort to influence the jury, Burgess Starr had reached that part of his
story where he told how George Mitchell had come to the Starr home and had read
the letter left by Mrs. Starr and when she crept from her husband’s side in the
early morning hours and started on the long tramp to Creffield’s camp near
Waldport.
WEEPS OVER LITTLE ONES
“George took my little ones
on his knees and wept while he caressed them and told them that he would go and
bring their mother back,” said Starr.
Before this there had been tears in Mitchell’s eyes, but now he laid his head on his
arms and his shoulders shook with sobs. It was only for a moment, however, and
then the boy straightened up and from that time on gave no evidence that the
proceedings held even a passing interest for him. When court adjourned he was
as cheerful as ever and had a ready smile for those of the audience who spoke
to him as he went down the stairs to the jail.
Mitchell, his attorneys and
the officers of the court are confronted by a mystery in which there is a tinge
of romance and their baffled efforts at solving it are causing considerable
amusement. This mystery takes the form of a young woman, well dressed and good
to look upon, who is a constant attendant at the trial and who at the end of
every session of court comes up to the defendant, shakes him by the hand, and
at the conclusion of the words of cheer presents him with a bunch of roses.
She was first noticed during
the latter part of the week given over to securing a jury and has been in court
every day since. So far she has refused to give her name, none of the others in
the audience appear to know her and she comes and goes alone. It has become
customary for the deputy sheriff who escorts Mitchell to and from the jail to
the courtroom to allow him a few minutes conversation with the young woman who
looks to be about 30 (illegible) years old, before taking him back to his cell
after adjournment. Always during the afternoon session Mitchell wears one of
the roses she has given on the lapel of his coat, and occasionally during the
day turns around to give and receive a smile of recognition.
MAY GO ON STAND
It is possible that Mitchell
will be placed on the witness stand. His attorneys have not yet decided this
question and the final decision will be determined by later developments. It is
not often that a defendant in a murder case is made a witness and particularly
in a case where the conditions are as in this one, but Mitchell’s attorneys are
considering such a move.
Mitchell has expressed a
desire to tell the jury of the feelings which actuated
him when he killed Creffield. He does not take kindly to the insanity plea advanced
by his attorneys, but declares that he was performing a divine injunction and
that he received his command to rid the world of the man who called himself God
by spiritual communication.
Always he has maintained
that he is able to talk to the spirit of his mother and that she has time and
again commanded him to watch over his sister Esther. He says that since the
killing he has talked to his mother and that she has commended his act.
TRIAL IS DRAGGING
With at least a week in
sight before the Mitchell case will be given to the jury, proceedings are
beginning to drag and for the men who are compelled to be in attendance the
interest has long since ceased. There is no lack of interest on the part of men
and women who have crowded the courtroom each day, however, and despite the
heat there is no lessening in the number of spectators, except such as has been
made necessary by Judge Frater’s ruling of yesterday that when all the seats
are filled no others shall be admitted.
Fearing that because of this
order something will be missed a number of people spend the entire noon hour in
the courtroom or in the corridor where they can be on hand to secure a seat at
a moment’s notice. Those who are unsuccessful in so doing wait patiently around
the door and jam their way in whenever an opportunity presents itself.
So far all of the testimony
has been along the lines indicated by Attorney Shipley in his opening statement
to this jury. O. V. Hurt hewed closely to this line during the time he was on
the stand and so did Burgess Starr, who was the only witness examined yesterday
afternoon. A variance from the monotony of this repetition of a story of broken
homes and ruined lives is furnished by the wordy skirmishes between the
opposing attorneys over the legality of certain evidence.
Attorney Will Morris, for
the defense, and Assistant Prosecuting John Miller were the star actors in
these little divergences from the main theme, but before the day had ended even
they became weary. Outside the courtroom the men engaged in the construction of
the wing of the wing of the courthouse engage in their labors noisily and twice
Judge Frater was forced to suspend proceedings while one of the bailiffs went
out and demanded more quiet on penalty of putting a stop to operations.
BURGESS STARR’S STORY
Burgess Starr, husband of
the woman who caused Creffield to be sent to the Oregon penitentiary, was the
only witness during the afternoon session. as was the
case with O. V. Hurt, Starr was called upon to lay bare his family shame and he
wept during the telling. There was less of the tragedy in his recital than in
that of Hurt, for Starr is made of different clay than the man who preceded
him. He allowed the tears to fall unreservedly.
He told, as he had previously told Mitchell, of the coming to Corvallis of Creffield, of
the casting of the spell over the women fold of that town, and of the effect on
his wife, Mitchell’s older sister, Donna Starr. He said that he had forgiven
his wife after the trial in the Oregon court and that they had lived happily
until Creffield was discharged from confinement, but that as soon as Creffield
had communicated with Mrs. Starr she had fallen under the old influence, and
finally deserted him.
SAYS MITCHELL WAS CRAZY
Starr said that he believed
George Mitchell to be crazy because of brooding over the fate of one sister and
the impending fate of the other, but said he had urged George not to do
anything rash when the latter had talked of carrying out a divine command to
kill the cause of all the trouble.
Under cross-examination
Starr stated that at the time George Mitchell had said that he was going to
kill Creffield nothing had been said as to how he was going to carry out his
intention. Mr. Miller wanted to know if it seemed commonplace to Starr to hear
a man talk about killing another and asked him why he did not tell the officers
of the law if he believed Mitchell to be insane and dangerous.
Starr answered that he did
not believe George would do what he said he would, as the latter had told him
there would be no trouble, as he was commanded by God to remove Creffield.
JURY GETS AND AIRING
There is no court today and
the men on the jury are being given a chance to stretch their legs, Judge
Frater making an order yesterday afternoon directing the bailiffs to take them
out to the lake or on the Sound, in fact to give them as good a time as
possible under the circumstances.
Tomorrow morning Perry
Mitchell, a brother of the defendant, who is here from Illinois, will be placed
on the stand, and if it is possible, William D. Gardner, superintendent of the
Boys’ and Girls’ Aid Society, the institution where Esther Mitchell and May
Hurt were confined for a time, and Prosecuting Attorney Manning of Multnomah
County, will also be called. Gardner spent a part of yesterday afternoon in the
courtroom sitting at the table with Mitchell and his attorneys. He was admitted
on a special order of the court, the general rule being to keep all witnesses
outside until they are called to take the stand.
Seattle Daily Times 7/4/1906 p1
Comes to Testify in Behalf of Mitchell
District Attorney Manning of Portland Is in Seattle
to appear as Witness for Slayer of Creffield.
Reiterates Former Statement That He Would Never Have
Issued Indictment Had Killing Occurred in Oregon.
Also Repeats Assertion that No Conviction for Murder
Could Be Secured in Courts of States He Represents.
“If George Mitchell had
killed Creffield in Multnomah County I would never have issued an indictment
against him. In fact, even if I had been willing to prepare an indictment there
could have been found no complaining witness in that part of the country who
would have attached his or her name to the complaint.
“There is no possibility
that Mitchell or any other man who would have had the nerve to put Creffield
out of the way would have ever had to suffer any penalty for an act that would
only have been considered in the light of a public benefit. No court in the
state of Oregon would ever have convicted Creffield’s slayer of any criminal
act in removing such a beast from the face of the earth.”
This is the statement mad
this morning at the Rainier-Grand by John Manning, District Attorney at
Portland, the man who was responsible for Creffield’s serving a term of two
years in the Oregon penitentiary for adultery with Mrs. Hurt (sic), Who, with
her family was numbered among the converts of the “Second Joshua.” Mrs. Manning
has been subpoenaed as a witness in the trial of George Mitchell now going on
in the circuit court of this city, and has come to Seattle to testify in the
case.
STRONG WITNESS FOR DEFENSE
What Mrs. Manning’s
testimony will amount to as a bulwark for the defense is easily gathered from
the opinion expressed by Mr. Manning himself to the effect that if he is
allowed to go on the stand and tell what he knows about the case there is no
possibility that Mitchell will ever be convicted. Mr. Manning’s testimony will
be in line with that given yesterday by O. V. Hurt, the husband of the woman
for adultery with whom Creffield paid the penalty of two years in the
penitentiary. The details of Mr. Manning's testimony are too shocking for
publication, but every phase of his story is corroborated by facts gathered
from unfortunate men and women who were among the misguided flock of the dead
prophet.
Mr. Manning, it will be
remembered, addresses a letter to Prosecuting Attorney Mackintosh, shortly
after Mitchell was indicted for the murder of Creffield, in which he asked that
he be subpoenaed as a witness in the case and virtually made the same statement
which heads this article.
GIVE HIM THE LIMIT
In regards to the comment
that has been made as to his seeming laxity in only securing a sentence of two
years for Creffield when he was tried in Oregon for adultery, and also in reply
to the caustic criticism called forth by his letter from many people who were
of the opinion that Mr. Manning should have put some of his opinions into
practice while the impostor was within his jurisdiction; Mr. Manning stated
that two years was the limit of the penalty for the crime with which Creffield
was charged, and that unfortunately there was no other statue upon the books of
the state under which the man could have been indicted for the other offenses
against decency and morality upon which he stood convicted in the minds of the
people.
That Mr. Manning will prove
a bad witness for the prosecution is apparent to him and he expresses a doubt
that he would be allowed to testify, being of the opinion that the prosecuting
attorney would fight strenuously against his going on the stand.
Daily Oregon Statesman (Salem) 7/4/1906
Starr Testifies in Mitchell Trial
Brother-in-Law of Defendant Relates Revolting Story
of Doctrines Taught by Holy Roller Creffield---Tells Jury How Self-Styled
Apostle Sought Ruin of Mitchell’s Young Sister.
SEATTLE, July 3.--Burgess Starr, the husband of Mitchell’s sister was the
chief witness for the defense this afternoon and told a revolting tale of the
doctrines taught by Creffield, and of Mitchell’s revelation from his mother’s
spirit that he must kill Creffield to save his sister Esther from Creffield’s
power.
The witness said: “I told
him (Mitchell) that my wife had been approached by Creffield to get Esther out
of school. He (Creffield) told my wife Esther was the virgin and he had to
bring forth the Christ to take up his work when he was killed.” The witness
told of the confession of his wife to him of Creffield’s teaching that his
flock must eat his flesh and drink his blood.
Prosecuting Attorney John H. Manning of Multnomah County, Oregon, arrived and may be a witness Thursday.
Chapters of Holy Rollers where these articles are some of the sources:
Chapter 5: A Sacrificial Bonfire
Chapter 14: Men are Gunning for Creffield
Chapter 20: Testimony
***
July 3, 1906: Hurt Tells of Debauched
Wife and Debased Sisters
July 5, 1906: Expected Admissibility of Evidence Will Arouse Controversy
***
Newspaper Articles about Creffield & the Holy Rollers
1897-1903: B.C. (Before Creffield)
October to December 1903:Holy Rollers Burn Furniture & Pets
January to March, 1904: Holy Rollers Tarred and Feathered
April to June 1904: Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum
July 1904: Creffield is Found & Arrested
September 1904: Creffield's Trial
April 1906: Men are Gunning For Creffield
May 1906: Creffield is Murdered, Murderer is Considered a Hero
May 1906: Holy Rollers Found Starving Near Heceta Head
June 1906: George Mitchell's Trial Begins
July 1906: Hurt Testifies of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
July 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother
August to October 1906: Seattle Prepares for another Big Trial
November 1906: Maud Hurt Creffield Commits Suicide
April 1909-August 1914: Esther Leaves the Asylum
1953 Stewart Holbrook's Murder Without Tears
1951Startling Detective Magazine, Nemesis of the Nudist High Priest
***
Chapters from
Holy Rollers: Murder & Madness in Oregon's Love Cult
Part 1: The Seduction
Chapter 1: Trust Me, Brothers And Sisters
(Life Before Creffield [B.C.])
Chapter 2: God, Save Us From Compromising Preachers
(Creffield's Preachings)
Chapter 3: The Flock
(Profiles of the Holy Rollers Were)
Chapter 4: The Holy Rollers
(Things Start to Get Wild on on Kiger Island)
Chapter 5: Housecleaning
(There's a Sacrificial Bonfire)
Chapter 6: Community Concerns
(Officers Visit)
Chapter 7: Esther, The Chosen One
(Creffield Plans to Marry 16-Year- Old)
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
(The Men of Corvallis Act)
Chapter 9: Sane People Don’t Go Bareheaded
(Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum)
Chapter 10: More Beast Than Man
( Creffield is Arrested)
Chapter 11: God Will Plead Creffield's Case
(Creffield in Court)
Chapter 12: Scandal
(Shocking Testimony at the Trial)
Chapter 13: Calm Before the Storm
(The Holy Rollers Resume their Lives)
Chapter 14: Giving Up The Ghost
(Men are Gunning for Creffield)
Part Two: The People V. Creffield
Chapter 16: The Widow Creffield
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
Part Three: The Madness
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
Chapter 25: What Can Papa Do For You?
Chapter 26: Human Life is Too Cheap In This Community
Chapter 30: The Final Chapter
(What Happened to Everyone Afterwards)
The Epilogue
(Heaven's Gate)