Creffield and the Holy Rollers made page one headlines from 1903 to 1907. When I was researching Holy Rollers: Murder and Madness in Oregon’s Love Cult I spent months transcribing hundreds of articles. I’m not sure why I was so obsessive. Maybe it was my way of immersing my self into a cult without joining one. Anyway, I’m posting them all for those who are really interested in the story, or are interested the history of journalism, or are interested in how a scandalous story played out in the "media" in a by gone era. Since I no doubt made typos and unconsciously corrected papers' typos, these web pages should not be cited in anything serious (e.g. your dissertation). For such projects they should only be used as starting points and you should refer to the original sources. If you want a shorter version of the story, buy my book. Enjoy.
A List of All The Articles
Albany Democrat. 25 December 1903. p2.
Albany Democrat. “Holly Rollers in Linn County.” 25
December 1903. p3.
Albany Democrat. “Holy Rollers.” 8 January 1904. p7.
Albany Democrat. 15 January 1904. p1.
Albany Democrat. “Saturday Night Thoughts” 15 January
1904. p4.
Albany Democrat. “The Holy Rollers.” 15 January 1904. p3.
Albany Democrat. 29 January 1904. p4.
Albany Democrat. “Holy Rollers.” 5 February 1904. p5.
Albany Democrat. 6 May 1904. p2.
Albany Democrat. 6 May 1904. p4.
Albany Democrat. “A Holy Roller Victim.” 6 May 1904. p7.
Albany Democrat. “Frank Hurt Said.” 6 May 1904. p7.
Albany Democrat. “More Holy Rollerism.” 6 May 1904. p5.
Albany Democrat. “Taken To The Asylum.” 6 May 1904. p7.
Albany Democrat. 13 June 1904. p1.
Albany Democrat. “More Holy Rollers.” 13 May 1904. p5.
Benton County Republican. “Has Sad Christmas.” 3 January 1907. p4.
Benton County Republican. 7 February 1907. p2.
Benton County Republican. 28 February 1907. p4.
Benton County Republican. 4 April 1907. p4.
Benton County Republican. 11 April 1907. p3.
Benton County Republican. 8 April 1909. p3.
Benton County Republican. 6 August 1914. p3.
Brownsville Times. “On A Charge Of Insanity.” 6 November
1903. p1.
Brownsville Times. 8 January 1904. p1
Brownsville Times. 15 January 1904. p1.
Brownsville Times. 29 January 1904. p3.
Brownsville Times. “Holy Rollers.” 5 February 1904. p4.
Brownsville Times. “Reward Is Offered.” 1 April 1904. p1.
Brownsville Times. “Holy Rollerism Again.” 4 May 1906. p4.
Brownsville Times. “Holy Rollers Insane.” 6 May 1904. p1.
Brownsville Times. “Young Girl Arrested.” 6 May 1904. p1.
Brownsville Times. “Holy Roller Creffield Killed.” 11 May
1906. p1.
Brownsville Times. “Another Holy Roller Victim. 17 June
1904. p4.
Brownsville Times. “Holy Roller Captured.” 5 August 1904. p1.
Brownsville Times. “To The Grand Jury.” 12 August 1904. p1.
Brownsville Times. “Creffield Found Guilty.” 23 September
1904. p4.
Brownsville Times. 30 September 1904. p1.
Brownsville Times. 7 October 1904. p1.
Capital Journal. “David P. Mitchell Dies in Waldport.” 13
September 1963. p5.
Columbia Chronicle. “Father Says Hypnotism.” 21 July 1906. p.
1.
Corvallis Gazette. 29 July 1887.
Corvallis Gazette. 7 June 1889.
Corvallis Gazette. 2 August 1889. p. 3.
Corvallis Gazette. 19 April 1894. p. 2.
Corvallis Gazette. 10 May 1894. p. 3.
Corvallis Gazette. 28 May 1894. p. 5.
Corvallis Gazette. 5 July 1894. p. 4.
Corvallis Gazette. 16 April 1896. p. 3.
Corvallis Gazette. 9 April 1897. p. 3.
Corvallis Gazette. 10 December 1897. p. 3.
Corvallis Gazette. 31 December 1897. p. 3.
Corvallis Gazette. 8 April 1898. p. 3.
Corvallis Gazette. 5 January 1900. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 19 January 1900. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 9 February 1900. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 7 December 1900. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Fast Traveling.” 1 November 1901. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “The Salvation Army.” 6 March 1901. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 26 April 1901. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 3 May 1901. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 4 October 1901. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 1 November 1901. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 7 February 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Central Committee Meeting.” 21
February 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 25 February 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 8 April 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 15 April 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 17 June 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 20 June 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 11 July 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 4 November 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Functus Officio.” 5 December 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 9 December 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 12 December 1902. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Berry-King Nuptials.” 5 January 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette . 17 March 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 31 March 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 5 May 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Almost a Riot.” 12 May 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 24 July 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 31 July 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 7 August 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 4 September p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 2 October 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 30 October 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 3 November 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 6 November 1903. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “What our Neighbors Think of Us.” 10
November 1903. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. 24 November 1903. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. 8 December 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 11 December 1903. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “Linn County Holy Rollers.” 22 December
1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 29 December 1903. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 1 January 1904. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. 8 January 1904. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “A Mystery of the Night.” 8 January
1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Rollers are Rolled.” 8 January 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Editorial Comment.” 12 January 1904. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. 15 January 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 19 January 1904. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Our Brainy Contemporaries.” 19 January
1904. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. 25 January 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Lebanon’s Holy Rollers.” 2 February
1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 19 February 1904. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 4 March 1904. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. “Creffield A Fugitive.” 22 March 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 19 April 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Felton-Munkers Nuptials.” 3 May 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Holy Rollers.” 3 May 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 6 May 1904. p5.
Corvallis Gazette. “Committed To Asylum.” 10 May 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 1 June 1904. p1
Corvallis Gazette. “Seventh Day Adventists.” 8 June 1904. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. 11 June 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “The Creffield Reward.” 22 June 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 29 June 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Happily Wed.” 9 July 1904. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. 13 July 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 13 July 1904. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. 29 July 1904. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. 2 August 1904. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Creffield Captured.” 8 August 1904. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 12 August 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “The Creffield Reward.” 19 August 1904.
p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 26 August 1904. p5.
Corvallis Gazette. “Charge Against Apostle Creffield.” 26
August 1904. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 30 August 1904. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 30 August 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Creffield Gets Two Years.” 20
September 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 4 October 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 7 October 1904. p5.
Corvallis Gazette. 14 October 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 2 December 1904. p5.
Corvallis Gazette. 13 December 1904. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 17 December 1904.
Corvallis Gazette. “His Prison Life.” 24 March 1905. p5.
Corvallis Gazette. 26 April 1905. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. 9 January 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 20 February 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “By The Rolling Sea. Holy Rollers” 1
May 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 4 May 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Creffield Dead.” 8 May 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “The Creffield Tragedy.” 11 May 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “To Assist Mitchell.” 11 May 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette . 18 May 1906. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. “To Assist Mitchell.” 18 May 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “To Assist Mitchell.” 22 May 1906. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. “To Assist Mitchell.” 25 May 1906. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. “To Assist Mitchell.” 29 May 1906. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. “Local and Personal” 5 June 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Will You Help Him?” 15 June 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Additional Local.” 19 June 1906. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “The Trial On.” 26 June 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “About The Trial.” 29 June 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Against Her Brother.” 6 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “The Mitchell Trial.” 10 July 1906. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “What Berry Told.” 10 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Will be Acquitted.” 10 July 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “With Roar of Applause.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “Plotted to Kill.” 16 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “The Second Tragedy.” 16 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Madness.” 17 July 1906. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “Matron’s Part.” 17 July 1906. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. 20 July 1906. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “About the Trial.” 20 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “George Mitchell Buried.” 20 July 1906.
p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “Murder the Charge.” 20 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “End to Troubles of Holy Roller Family.”
24 July 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Fired at Random.” 27 July 1906. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “Not Guilty.” 27 July 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 8 August 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Day ‘Juice’ Now.” 14 August 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Ill in Seattle.” 14 August 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 24 August 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 31 August 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 11 September 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Local and Personal.” 14 September
1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 18 September 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Secret Sessions in Mitchell Case.” 18
September 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Insanity Hearing May Close Monday.” 18
September 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “In Seattle.” 21 September 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 25 September 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “May Go Free.” 25 September 1906. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. “Pronounced Insane.” 25 September 1906.
p2.
Corvallis Gazette. Must Not Deport.” 28 September 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Has Creffield Arisen?” 19 October
1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Holy Rollers Again.” 26 October 1906. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. “’Tongues of Fire’ Coming.” 26 October
1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 6 November 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 13 November 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 16 November 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Death of Mrs. Creffield.” 20 November
1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Not Yet Obliterated.” 20 November
1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “A Word for Her.” 30 November 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Her Funeral.” 23 November 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “It Was Poison.” 23 November 1906. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 23 November 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 30 November 1906. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Not For ‘Common Herd.’” 1 January
1907. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. “Esther Mitchell.” 4 January 1907. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. “’Holy Howlers’ the Latest.” 4 January
1907. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “’Bride of the Lord’ Talks.” 8 January
1907. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “In Esther Mitchell Case.” 11 January
1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 11 January 1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 25 January 1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 29 January 1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 5 February 1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 15 February 1907. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Asylum at Last.” 22 February 1907. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. “’Tangled Tongues’ Killing Her.” 22
February 1907. p2.
Corvallis Gazette. 1 March 1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “ Feb. 22nd, 1857-Feb. 22nd, 1907.” 1
March 1907. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. 8 March 1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 23 March 1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 2 April 1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 9 April 1907. p4.
Corvallis Gazette. 12 April 1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. 15 April 1907. p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Not Dead.” 26 April 1907. p1.
Corvallis Gazette. “Believes in Creffield.” 30 April 1907.
p3.
Corvallis Gazette. “Mrs. Elizabeth Starr.” 26 July 1907. p1.
Bergeman, Rich. Corvallis Gazette Times. “Play recreates
bizarre Corvallis tale.” 11 January 1986. p16.
Corvallis Gazette Times. “Clarence M. Starr Dies at Waldport.” 21
June 1939. p. 4.
Corvallis Gazette Times. “Mrs. Baldwin Dies.” 2 August 1941. p3.
Corvallis Gazette Times. “James K. Berry Rites Held Here Today.”
13 January 1943. p6.
Corvallis Gazette Times. “Dies at Waldport.” 14 June 1943. p4.
Corvallis
Gazette Times. “Oregon Pioneer Dies Thursday Night.” 12 December 1947. p. 8.
Corvallis Gazette Times. “Levine [sic] Passes.” 2 November 1957. p. 10.
Corvallis Gazette Times. “Levins Rites Slated At Waldport
Chapel.” 4 November 1957. p12.
Corvallis Gazette Times. “Molly Adeline Berry.” 20 May 1959. p.
12.
Corvallis Gazette Times. “Corvallis scandal spawns a play. Review.”
15 June 1978. p16.
Wilson, Tom. Corvallis Magazine . Vol. 3, #2. “Corvallis
Holy Rollers.” 1964. p20.
Corvallis Magazine. Vol. 2, 1963, #1, p. 15.
Corvallis Magazine. Vol. 2, #2. “From the Gilbert Beach
Album.” 1963. p. 6.
Corvallis Times. 28 December 1893. p3.
Corvallis Times. 4 February 1895. p. 3.
Corvallis Times. 14 December 1895. p. 3.
Corvallis Times. “A Piece of Hoodlumism.” 7 January
1897. p. 3.
Corvallis Times. “Many are Prostrated.” 8 December 1897. p.
3.
Corvallis Times.
“Salvation Army Affairs.” 5 January 1898, p. 2.
Corvallis Times. 3 November 1900. p3.
Corvallis Times. 6 February 1901. p3.
Corvallis Times. 24 April 1901. p1.
Corvallis Times. 15 May 1901. p3.
Corvallis Times. 18 May 1901. p3.
Corvallis Times. 29 May 1901. p3.
Corvallis Times. 12 June 1901. p3.
Corvallis Times. 21 September 1901. p2.
Corvallis Times. 28 September 1901. p3.
Corvallis Times. 26 October 1901. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Corvallis Men.” 27 November 1901. p3.
Corvallis Times. 25 January 1902. p3.
Corvallis Times. 26 February 1902. p3.
Corvallis Times. 1 March 1902. p3.
Corvallis Times. 24 May 1902. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Local Mining Men.” 12 July 1902. p3.
Corvallis Times. 19 July 1902. p3.
Corvallis Times. 26 July 1902. p3.
Corvallis Times. 2 August 1902. p3.
Corvallis Times. 4 October 1902. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Highest in Eleven Years.” 28 January
1903. p2.
Corvallis Times. “Fire! Fire Fire!” 7 January 1903. p2.
Corvallis Times. 10 January 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. “The Salvation Army.” 7 March 1903. p2.
Corvallis Times. 14 March 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. 28 March 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. 6 May 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. “A Street Melee.” 13 May 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Desertion From The Ranks.” 10 June
1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. 27 June 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. “J. K. Berry--Bicycles.” 27 June 1903. p4.
Corvallis Times. 22 July 1902. p3.
Corvallis Times. 1 August 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. 5 August 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. 8 August 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. 12 August 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. 22 August 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Their Queer Acts.” 31 October 1903. p2.
Corvallis Times. “Flight of The Apostles.” 4 November 1903.
p3.
Corvallis Times. “Holy Rolling.” 4 November 1903. p2.
Corvallis Times. “Is Creffield Back.” 7 November 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Like Our Rollers.” 7 November 1903. p4.
Corvallis Times. “Mr. Hurt Talks.” 18 November 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. “They Are Gone.” 25 November 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Through Much Tribulation.” 28 November
1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. 9 December 1903. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Now in Eugene.” 16 December 1903. p4.
Corvallis Times. “Is Crazy Now.” 23 December 1903. p2.
Corvallis Times. “Tarred and Feathered.” 6 January 1904.
p1.
Corvallis Times. “Their Welcome Departure.” 9 January
1904. p1.
Corvallis Times. “White Caps Again.” 9 January 1904. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Where Brooks Went.” 13 January 1904. p2.
Corvallis Times. “Newspaper Holy Rollers.” 20 January
1904. p2.
Corvallis Times. 3 February 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Driven From Linn.” 3 February 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. “Corvallis Abroad.” 6 February 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. “Seventh Day Adventists.” 27 February
1904. p2.
Corvallis Times. 2 March 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. 2 March 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “The Holy Gang.” 5 March 1904. p1.
Corvallis Times. “The Twin Rock Company.” 5 March 1904. p2.
Corvallis Times. 19 March 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Fugitive Creffield.” 23 March 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. 23 March 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. 16 April 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. “After The Roller.” 27 April 1904. p1.
Corvallis Times. 4 May 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. 4 May 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Victims Of Creffield.” 7 May 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. 21 May 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. “Attie Bray’s Journey.” 11 June 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “They Want Creffield.” 11 June 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. 2 July 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. “He May Own Up.” 27 July 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. “Creffield In Jail.” 30 July 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Says ‘I Am Elijah.’” 3 August 1904. p1.
Corvallis Times. “The Bogus Prophet.” 3 August 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “A Dangerous Man.” 6 August 1904. p2.
Corvallis Times. “Creffield To Answer.” 6 August 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “The Reward.” 20 August 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. 24 August 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “His Coming Trial.” 3 September 1904. p2.
Corvallis Times. 7 September 1904. p1.
Corvallis Times. 9 September 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. 17 September 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. 21 September 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Creffield’s Confession.” 21 September
1904. p2.
Corvallis Times. “Now In Penitentiary.” 21 September
1904. p1.
Corvallis Times. 1 October 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. 5 October 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. 12 October 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. 22 October 1904. p4.
Corvallis Times. “For Cement Sidewalks.” 19 November
1904. p2.
Corvallis Times. 26 November 1904. p3.
Corvallis Times. “An Ended Chapter.” 10 December 1904. p2.
Corvallis Times. 4 February 1905. p4.
Corvallis Times. 8 April 1905. p4.
Corvallis Times. 10 May 1905. p3.
Corvallis Times. 24 May 1905. p4.
Corvallis Times. 3 June 1905. p3.
Corvallis Times. 12 July 1905. p3.
Corvallis Times. 12 August 1905. p3.
Corvallis Times. 23 August 1905. p3.
Corvallis Times. 20 September 1905. p3.
Corvallis Times. 4 October 1905. p4.
Corvallis Times. 27 October 1905. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Publisher’s Notice.” 14 November 1905.
p2.
Corvallis Times. “Of Peritonitis.” 14 November 1905. p2.
Corvallis Times. 24 November 1905. p5.
Corvallis Times. 8 December 1905. p4.
Corvallis Times. 12 December 1905. p4.
Corvallis Times. “Gave His Own Bail.” 22 December 1905. p3.
Corvallis Times. 29 December 1905. p4.
Corvallis Times. 9 January 1906. p4.
Corvallis Times. 13 March 1906. p4.
Corvallis Times. 23 March 1906. p4.
Corvallis Times. 13 April 1906. p4.
Corvallis Times. “In Benton Again.” 24 April 1906. p2.
Corvallis Times. “Camp Given Up.” 1 May 1906. p2.
Corvallis Times. “Is Not Dead.” 11 May 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Justifiable Homicide?” 11 May 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Widow of Holy Roller Is Insane From
Waiting to See the Dead Arise.” 15 May 1906. p6.
Corvallis Times. “Nearly Starved.” 18 May 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Miss Esther.” 22 May 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Begins Monday.” 22 June 1906. p2.
Corvallis Times. “The Trial.” 26 June 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Trying Mitchell.” 29 June 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. 3 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “O. V. Hurt Testifies.” 6 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “A Great Battle.” 10 July 1906. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Another Tragedy.” 10 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Levins’ Letter.” 10 July 1906. p4.
Corvallis Times. “Mitchell’s Trial.” 10 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Editorial.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Corvallis Times. “Esther Declined to Be Reconciled.” 13
July 1906. p4.
Corvallis Times. “Is Not Guilty.” 13 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Shot to Death.” 13 July 1906. p3.
Corvallis Times. “The Acquittal.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Corvallis Times. 17 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “May Come to Oregon.” 20 July 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Mitchell Buried in Oregon.” 20 July
1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Perry Mitchell.” 20 July 1906. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Pleads not Guilty.” 3 August 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Esther Mitchell.” 14 August 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. Esther Mitchell 14 August 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. 11 September 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. 14 September 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. 14 September 1906. p4.
Corvallis Times. “She Swallowed Poison.” 21 September
1906. p3.
Corvallis Times. “May Go Scott Free.” 25 September 1906.
p1.
Corvallis Times. 28 September 1906. p3.
Corvallis Times. 19 October 1906. p3.
Corvallis Times. 23 October 1906. p3.
Corvallis Times. 23 October 1906. p4.
Corvallis Times. 9 November 1906. p4.
Corvallis Times. “Mrs. Creffield.” 20 November 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Died From Poison.” 23 November 1906. p1.
Corvallis Times. “Fined For Fishing.” 21 December 1906.
Corvallis Times. 15 January 1907. p4.
Corvallis Times. 2 April 1907. p3.
Corvallis Times. “Still Hoping.” 30 April 1907. p1.
Corvallis Times. 23 July 1907. p4.
Daily Capital Journal. “Holy Rollers Have Her.” 29 April 1904. p8.
Daily Capital Journal. “Interviewed. Odd People Are Not Insane.”
2 May 1904. p1.
Daily Capital Journal. “Wife of Apostle Creffield and Another
Sister Becomes Guests of State.” 4 May 1904. p1.
Daily Capital Journal. “Holy Roller Murderess Goes Free.” 7
January 1907. p1.
Daily Gazette Times. “Esther Mitchell a Suicide.” 3 August
1914. p4.
Daily Gazette Times. “Frank Hurt Killed at Waldport.” 12
January 1920. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Joe, The Turk, Here.” 29 June 1902. p8.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “On A Charge Of Insanity.” 31 October
1903. p5.
Daily Oregon Statesman. 4 May 1904. p2.
Daily Oregon Statesman. 4 May 1904. p4.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Holy Rollers.” 7 May 1904. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Holy Roller Captured.” 30 July 1904. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Holy Roller.” 31 July 1904. p4.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Join Lives For Glory Of Cause.” 31
July 1904. p9.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Tongues of Fire---Gift of Languages
and Holiness Union.” 10 April 1906. p6.
Daily Oregon Statesman. 10 May 1906. p2.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Holy Rollers Return Home.” 17 May
1906. p7.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Mitchell on Trial.” 26 June 1906. p3.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Attorneys Display Caution.” 27 June
1906. p3.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Much Squabbling in Mitchell Trial.” 28
June 1906. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Starr Testifies in Mitchell Trial.” 4
July 1906.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Hartley Testifies in Mitchell Trial.” 6
July 1906. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Fails to Shake Testimony.” 8 July
1906. p6.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “George Mitchell Acquitted by Jury.” 11
July 1906.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother.” 13
July 1906.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Mitchell a Model Prisoner” 13 July
1906. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “George Mitchell Was Not Insane.” 14
July 1906. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Fears For Her Life.” 19 July 1906. p4.
Daily Oregon Statesman. 20 July 1906. p2.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Churches, Where One May Go and
Worship.” 22 July 1906. p10.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “He Insists on Trial.” 25 July 1906. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. 9 September 1906. p10.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “May Go To Asylum.” 11 September 1906. p6.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Holly [sic] Rollers Found Insane.” 21 September 1906. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Issued Order.” 22 September 1906. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Bits for Breakfast.” 5 October 1906. p2.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Holiness Church.” 6 October 1906. p5.
Daily Oregon Statesman. 7 October 1906. p10.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Slow to Arrive.” 10 October 1906. p2.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Are Not Holy Rollers.” 10 October
1906. p2.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “New Tongues.” 20 November 1906. p6.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “The Other Side.” 20 November 1906. p6.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Case of Suicide.” 21 November 1906. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Editorial of the People.” 25 November
1906. p2.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Jury Finds Martin Guilty.” 20 December
1906. p5.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “The Scoffing News Reporter.” 20
December 1906. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Pigs Squeak.” 21 December 1906. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Says No Restraint There.” 21 December
1906. p4.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Editorials of The People.” 23 December
1906. p10.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Insane Asylum.” 1 January 1907. p12.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “The State Penitentiary.” 1 January
1907. p17.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Is It Mesmerism.” 2 January 1907. p8.
Daily Oregon Statesman. 2 January 1907. p4.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Tongues Will be Silent.” 8 January
1907. p7.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Tales of the Town.” 9 January 1907. p5.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Light Leaves Salem.” 15 January 1907. p4.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Storm Gathers Over Tonguers.” 19 May
1907. p4.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Island is New Home of the Holy
Rollers.” 17 March 1911. p1.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Divorce Granted.” 18 March 1911. p. 5.
Daily Oregon Statesman. “Tragedies of Yesterday.” 28 August
1934. p8.
Eugene Morning Guard. “Holy Rollers Roll Into Eugene Church.”
11 December 1903. p1.
Eugene Morning Register. “Holy Rollers Roll Out.” 3 November
1903. p1.
Eugene Morning Register. “Holy Rollers At Corvallis.” 3 November
1903. p3.
Strandborg, W.
P. Evening Telegram. “Frazer After
Holy Howlers.” 1 January 1907. p1. Evening Telegram. “Fanatics In Court.” 2 November 1903. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Group of Holy Rollers, Religious
Fanatics Having Their Headquarters at Corvallis, Oregon.” 2 November 1903. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Had Promise of Tar and Feathers.” 3
November 1903. p5.
Evening Telegram. “Creffield Reappears.” 5 November 1903.
p12.
Evening Telegram. “Rollers Take On New Life.” 6 November
1903. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Excess of Holy Rollers May Yet Lead To
Serious Clash If They Continue.” 7 November 1903. p2.
Evening Telegram. “’Apostle’ Creffield Still Under Cover.”
11 November 1903. p.6.
Evening Telegram. “Can Roll No More.” 23 November 1903. p1.
Evening Telegram. “A Sensible Conclusion.” 24 November
1903. p8.
Evening Telegram. “O. V. Hurt Tells All He Knows.” 24
November 1903. p3.
Evening Telegram. “In Pursuit of Creffield.” 25 November
1903. p5.
Evening Telegram. “Holy Rollers are Crowded.” 29 November
1903. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Urges Girl to be Firm.” 7 December
1903. p5.
Evening Telegram. “Holy Roller Victim Worse.” 21 December
1903. p16.
Evening Telegram. “’Holy Roller’ Victim Better.” 23
December 1903. p3.
Evening Telegram. “Creffield Again Out in the Cold.” 30
December 1903. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Creffield Disappears.” 6 January 1904.
p3.
Evening Telegram. “Married at Corvallis.” 6 January 1904.
p3.
Evening Telegram. “Has Power To Convert.” 30 October 1903.
p4.
Evening Telegram. “Mines, Mining, And Miners.” 5 March
1904. p10.
Evening Telegram. “Like Oregon’s Holy Rollers.” 10 March
1904. p3.
Evening Telegram. “Rocks Ahead For Joshua” 16 March 1904.
p12.
Evening Telegram. “Where Now Is The Apostle?” 17 March
1904. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Called For His Wife.” 21 March 1904. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Reward For His Capture.” 21 March
1904. p1.
Evening Telegram. “No Trace Of Creffield.” 24 March 1904.
p4.
Evening Telegram. “Reward Is Offered.” 28 March 1904. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Careful Search For Holy Roller.” 31
March 1904. p10.
Evening Telegram. “Holy Rollers To Put World Where Adam
Entered It.” 3 May 1904. p5.
Evening Telegram. “Creffield Captured.” 29 July 1904. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Mob After Creffield.” 30 July 1904. p1.
Evening Telegram . “Holy Roller Chief Says God Will Be
His Lawyer.” 1 August 1904. p5.
Evening Telegram. “Creffield Is Human Study.” 2 August
1904. p14.
Evening Telegram. “Did Intend To Lynch Creffield.” 2
August 1904. p10.
Evening Telegram. “Is Creffield A Hypnotist?” 3 August
1904. p14.
Evening Telegram. On Trial Tomorrow.” 3 August 1904. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Wedding Will End In Folds Of Flag.” 3
August 1904. p14.
Evening Telegram. “Creffield To Answer.” 4 August 1904. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Roller Faith In Salem.” 5 August 1904.
p14.
Evening Telegram. “Material Hell Says ‘Apostle.’” 6
August 1904. p14.
Evening Telegram. “No One Visits Edmund Creffield.” 10
August 1904. p14.
Evening Telegram. “All Victims Of Religion.” 11 August
1904. p3.
Evening Telegram. “The Holy Rollers And The Man Who Made
Them.” 13 August 1904. p15.
Evening Telegram. “Elijah’s Sway Is Not Lost.” 20 August
1904. p5.
Evening Telegram. “Needs No Lawyer To Defend Him.” 23
August 1904. p14.
Evening Telegram. 2 September 1904. p6.
Evening Telegram. “Thinks Dowie Real Prophet.” 15
September 1904. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Goes To Salem For Two Years.” 16
September 1904. p12.
Evening Telegram. “Creffield’s Punishment.” 17 September
1904. p6.
Evening Telegram. “Creffield To Go To Penitentiary.” 17
September 1904. p10.
Evening Telegram. “‘Holy Jumper’ Has His Wife.” 14
October 1904. p12.
Evening Telegram. “Prison Life Of Joshua Creffield.” 22
March 1905. p4.
Evening Telegram. “’Holy Rollers’ Scatter From Secret
Assembly.” 2 May 1906. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Corvallis Commend Deed.” 7 May 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Creffield Seen in Linn County” 7 May
1906. p3.
Evening Telegram. “Holy Roller Creffield Killed.” 7 May
1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Portland Man After Creffield.” 7 May 1906.
p1.
Evening Telegram. “Arranging for Defense of Mitchell.” 8
May 1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Deed of Avenger Endorsed.” 8 May 1906.
p1.
Evening Telegram. “Gold Medal For George Mitchell Who
Killed Holy Roller Apostle.” 8 May 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Buried Without Ceremony.” 9 May 1906. p10.
Evening Telegram. “Creffield Was Doomed Man.” 9 May 1906.
p10.
Evening Telegram. “District Attorney John Manning Would
Defend Apostle’s Slayer.” 9 May 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Fund For Slayer’s Defense.” 9 May
1906. p10.
Evening Telegram. “Hurt Anxious to Clear Mitchell.” 9 May
1906. p10.
. “Has No Need
of Manning’s Help.” 11 May 1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Mitchell May Plead Temporary Insanity.”
11 May 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Holy Rollerism Has Death Blow.” 12 May
1906. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Mitchell Denied Bail At Seattle.” 12
May 1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Gardner Would Help Mitchell.” 15 May
1906. p14.
Evening Telegram. “Abandon Hope For ‘Messiah.’” 16 May
1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Enticed to City.” 17 May 1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Exhausted Women Reach Corvallis.” 17
May 1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Mitchell’s Plea ‘Not Guilty.’” 19 May
1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “All Ready For Mitchell Trial.” 23 June
1906. p5.
Evening Telegram. “Mitchell Trial is Absorbing Topic.” 23
June 1906. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Much Caution in Mitchell Trial.” 25
June 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Slayer of Holy Roller Creffield Begins
Fight For Life in Seattle.” 25 June 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “No Headway Made in Mitchell Case.” 28
June 1906. p3.
Evening Telegram. “Dramatic Moment When Widow of Late
Holy Roller Enters Court.” 29 June 1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Insanity Will be Mitchell’s Plea.” 2
July 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Converted at Revival, Woman. Pays
Visit to Heaven in Trance.” 3 July 1906. p16.
Evening Telegram. “Called by God to Kill Prophet.” 4 July
1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Corvallis Man Wanted to Kill.” 5 July
1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. Women Battle For Mitchell.” 6 July
1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Mitchell and Manning Shake.” 7 July
1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Murder Kept from Mitchell Jurors.” 9
July 1906. p11.
Evening Telegram. “No Argument for Mitchell.” 10 July
1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Says Brother is Murderer.” 11 July
1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Sister Hiding From Mitchell.” 11 July
1906. p3.
Evening Telegram. “Members of Mitchell Family Reconciled.”
12 July 1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Deepening Tragedy.” 13 July 1906. p6.
Evening Telegram. “Esther Mitchell Draws Gun From Under
Cape and Kills Geo. Mitchell.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Evening Telegram. “Esther Mitchell Says She is Not
Insane.” 13 July 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Mrs. Creffield Loaded Down With
Weapons to Kill Geo. Mitchell.” 13 July 1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Mrs. Starr of Portland Declares Esther
Mitchell, Her Sister, is Sane.” 13 July 1906. p1..
Evening Telegram. “Esther Hypnotized, He Says.” 14 July
1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Family Deserts the Murderess.” 14 July
1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Holy Rollers of Western New York.” 14
July 1906. p26.
Evening Telegram. “Brothers Bring Body to Oregon.” 16
July 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Hurt’s Letter Most Moving.” 17 July
1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Mitchell is Buried.” 17 July 1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Mrs. Starr Receives Threatening
Letter.” 18 July 1906. p3.
Evening Telegram. “Roller Religion Dead Forever.” 19 July
1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Esther Mitchell Asks More Time.” 23
July 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Greatly Hurt True Religion.” 4 August
1906. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Mitchell Boys in Drunken Row.” 6
August 1906. p8.
Evening Telegram. “Mitchell Denies Report of Fight.” 7
August 1906. p9.
Evening Telegram. “Roasts the ‘Rollers.’” 8 August 1906. p9.
Evening Telegram. “St. Louis Woman Coming to Convert ‘Rollers.’”
8 August 1906. p9.
Evening Telegram. “Esther Mitchell Shows Signs of
Improvement.” 13 August 1906. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Sad Christmas For Holy Roller.” 17
December 1906. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Pile of Queer Lore Gets Fat.” 22
December 1906. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Interpreter for Tongues of Fire.” 24
December 1906. p2.
Evening Telegram. “Three Specimens of Writing in the ‘Unknown
Tongues.’” 25 December 1906. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Tongues of Fire Get New Foothold.” 31
December 1906. p4.
Evening Telegram. “Padded-Cell Religion in Two Forms is
Rampant in Portland.” 31 December 1906. p1.
Evening Telegram. “Fanatics Must Go Into Court.” 2
January 1907. p7.
Evening Telegram. “Says Esther Mitchell Seems Sane
Enough.” 2 January 1907. p5.
Evening Telegram. “Judge Frazer Issues Ukase.” 3 January
1907. p8.
Evening Telegram. “’Bride of the Lord’ Now Has a Severe
Cold.” 4 January 1907. p12.
Evening Telegram. “Just as Soon Be in Asylum.” 9 January
1907. p14.
Evening Telegram. “Deaths.” 18 February 1909. p. 16.
Evening Telegram. “Esther Mitchell is Dead By Own Hand.” 3
August 1914. p2.
Holbrook,
Stewart H (under the pseudonym Chris K. Stanton). “The Enigma of the Sex Crazed
Prophet.” Front Page Detective. January
1938. pp. 4-9, 108-110.
Crefeld, Edmund.
“He’ll not Compromise.” God’s Revivalist
and Bible Advocate. Mrs. M. W. Knapp and Bessie, Publishers: Cincinnati,
Ohio, Chicago, Illinois. 21 August 1902.
God’s Revivalist and Bible Advocate. “God’s Witnesses.” Mrs. M. W. Knapp and
Bessie, Publishers: Cincinnati, Ohio, Chicago, Illinois. 6 November 1902.
Heppner Gazette. “The Salvation Army.” 25 July 1901. p5.
Hood River Glacier. “Nasty Story of Holy Rollers.” 19 July
1906. p2.
Lincoln County Leader. 6 November 1903. p. 1.
Lincoln County Leader. 11 December 1903. p. 8.
Lincoln County Leader. 20 April 1906. p. 8
Lincoln County Leader. 27 April 1906. supplement, p. 1.
Lincoln County Leader. 4 May 1906. p. 1.
Lincoln County Leader. 11 May 1906. p. 1.
Lincoln County Leader. “More About Creffield.” 18 May 1906. p.
1.
Lincoln County Leader. “The Prevailing Opinion.” 18 May 1906. p.
1.
Lincoln County Leader. “Collector of Customs Hurt.” 18 June
1909. p. 1.
Lincoln County Leader. “Waldport Items.” 9 April 1909. p. 8.
Lincoln County Leader. “Married.” 30 April 1909. p. 1.
Lincoln County Leader. 7 May 1909. p. 5.
Lincoln County Leader. “Waldport Items.” 25 June 1909. p. 8.
Lincoln County Leader. “County News.” 10 April 1914. p. 1.
Lincoln County Leader. 8 May 1914. p. 1.
Lincoln County Leader. “Report of Coroner’s Jury.” 7 August
1914. p. 1.
Lincoln County Leader. “Bert Starr Passed Friday, February 14,
at Hospital.” 20 February 1936.
Lincoln County Times. “Prominent Figure Laid to Rest.” 17
June 1943. p1.
Lincoln County Times. “Card of Thanks!” 20 September 1945. p6.
Lincoln County Times. “Pioneer Lady Passes.” 11 April 1946. p1.
Lincoln County Times. 11 April 1946. p1.
Lincoln County Times. “Molly Adeline Berry.” 28 May 1959. p1.
Los Angeles Examiner. “Fanatic Killed by Brother of Victim.” 8
May 1906. p3.
Los Angeles Examiner. “Tells How ‘Holy Roller’ Leader Ruined
His Home.” 4 July 1906. p13.
Los Angeles Examiner. “Slayer of Holy Roller Creffield
Acquitted.” 11 July 1906. p12.
Los Angeles Examiner. “Slayer of holy Roller Chief Killed by
Sister.” 13 July 1906. p1.
Los Angeles Examiner. “‘I am Willing to Hang,’ Says Holy
Roller Avenger. 14 July 1906. p3.
Los Angeles Examiner. “Heartsick Father Seeks to Save Maud
Creffield.” 17 July 1906. p14.
Los Angeles Examiner. “‘I am not Worrying’ Says Slayer of
Holy Roller.” 18 July 1906. p3.
Los Angeles Examiner. “To Defend Woman Who Urged Death of His
Client.” 19 July 1906. p2.
Los Angeles Herald. “Kills Seattle Holy Roller.” 8 May
1906. p1.
Los Angeles Herald. “Record Quake at Washington.” 2 June
1906. p1.
Los Angeles Herald. “Murderer Pleads Insanity.” 26. June
1906. p1.
Los Angeles Herald. “To Try Creffield’s Slayer.” 27 June
1906. p1.
Los Angeles Herald. “Murderer Pleads Insanity.” 3 July
1906. p6.
Los Angeles Herald. “Two Sworn to Kill Creffield.” 6 July
1906. p1.
Los Angeles Herald. “Seattle Jurors Acquit Mitchell.” 11
July 1906. p1.
Los Angeles Herald. “Protects Girl and Is Killed.” 13 July
1906. p1.
Los Angeles Herald. “Repays Brother With a Bullet.” 13 July
1906. p2.
Los Angeles Herald. “Sisters Discuss Murder Details.” 14
July 1906. p1.
Los Angeles Herald. “Will Try Women Jointly.” 18 July 1906.
p2.
Los Angeles Herald. “Promises to Aid Mitchell’s Slayer.” 15
July 1906. p1.
Los Angeles Herald. “Religious Fakers.” 21 July 1906. p6.
Holbrook,
Stewart. Sunday Oregonian Magazine. “Murder
Without Tears, Part One.” 8 February 1953. pp. 6-7.
Holbrook,
Stewart. Sunday Oregonian Magazine. “Murder
Without Tears, Part One.” 15 February 1953. pp. 14-15.
Holbrook,
Stewart. Sunday Oregonian Magazine. “Murder
Without Tears, Part One.” 22 February 1953. pp. 10-11.
Holbrook,
Stewart. Sunday Oregonian Magazine. “Murder
Without Tears, Part Four.” 1 March 1953. pp. 14-15.
White, George. “Holy
Rollerism is Again Revived.” Morning
Oregonian. 27 June 1906. p1.
White, George. “Jury
is Secured to Try Mitchell.” Morning
Oregonian. 29 June 1906. p1.
White, George. “Mitchell
Trial on at Seattle.” Morning Oregonian.
26 June 1906. p1.
White, George. “New
Tack Taken by the Defense.” Morning
Oregonian. 28 June 1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “To Conduct Salvation Army Meetings.” 14
December 1902. p11.
Morning Oregonian. “Army Has a Lively Day.” 15 December
1902. p14.
Morning Oregonian. “Had Troubles Of His Own.” 18 January
1903. p24.
Morning Oregonian. “Would be Suicide Lives.” 19 January
1903. p8.
Morning Oregonian. “Burn Up Goods.” 31 October 1903. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Anxiety For Infant.” 1 November 1903. p7.
Morning Oregonian. “’Holy Rollers’ In Frenzy.” 2 November
1903. p10.
Morning Oregonian. “Rollers Turned Out.” 24 November 1903.
p3.
Morning Oregonian. “Holy Rollers at Eugene.” 12 December
1903. p3.
Morning Oregonian. “Put Tar on Rollers.” 6 January 1904. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Holy Rollers Run Out.” 1 February
1904. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Sharp Lookout For Creffield.” 22 March
1904. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Reward For Creffield.” 24 April 1904. p10.
Morning Oregonian. “Months In Hiding.” 20 July 1904. p5.
Morning Oregonian. “Apostle Downfall.” 31 July 1904. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Could Not Raise Mob.” 31 July 1904. p10.
Morning Oregonian. “May Cure His Disciples.” 31 July 1904.
p10.
Morning Oregonian. “Prophet In Jail.” 31 July 1904. p10.
Morning Oregonian. “Salvation Army Pioneer Coming.” 31
July 1904. p 20.
Morning Oregonian. “Finds Paradise In Hawaii.” 1 August
1904. p11.
Morning Oregonian. “Says ‘I Am Elijah.’” 1 August 1904. p11.
Morning Oregonian. Wedding In The Army.” 5 August 1904. p7.
Morning Oregonian. “Wife Second, Army First.” 6 August
1904. p8.
Morning Oregonian. “He Goes To Prison.” 17 September 1904.
p8.
Morning Oregonian. “Coated With Tar.” 13 March 1905. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Creffield Stirs Up Holy Rollers.” 24
April 1906. p7.
Morning Oregonian. “Lives With Negroes.” 24 April 1906. p3.
Morning Oregonian. “Rollers Run Out.” 2 May 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. 3 May 1906. p8.
Morning Oregonian. “Funds for Mitchell’s Defense.” 8 May
1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Held By A Spell.” 8 May 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Holy Roller Shot Down Like A Dog.” 8
May 1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “In Fear Of His Life.” 3 May 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Slayers Sister Carried Messages.” 8
May 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Edmund Creffield.” 9 May 1906. p8.
Morning Oregonian. “Justifies The Shot.” 9 May 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Manning Upholds Him.” 10 May 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Not Dead, She Cries.” 10 May 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Bail Is All Ready.” 11 May 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Mitchell Will Ask Bail.” 12 May 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Mitchell Is Denied Bail. 13 May 1906. p15.
Morning Oregonian. 14 May 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Looks For Spirit.” 14 May 1906. p5.
Morning Oregonian. “Sister Is Against Avenger.” 16 May
1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Starving Near Heceta Head.” 16 May
1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Defender of his Honor Released.” 17
May 1906. p3.
Morning Oregonian. “Public Sentiment Favors Mitchell.” 17
May 1906. p3.
Morning Oregonian. “Women Rollers Denied Shelter.” 17 May
1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Creffield Says, ‘Don’t Worry.’” 27 May
1906. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Witnesses From Corvallis.” 23 June
1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Trial is Monday.” 24 June 1906. p5.
Morning Oregonian. “Witnesses for Mitchell.” 24 June 1906.
p3.
Morning Oregonian. “Story of Killing Told by Widow.” 30
June 1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Mrs. Maud Creffield, Who Testified in
the Mitchell Trial at Seattle.” 1 July 1906. p3.
Morning Oregonian. “Oregon Man Tells Revolting Story.” 3
July 1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Oregon Men Are Star Witnesses.” 4 July
1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Others Eager to Slay Creffield.” 6
July 1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Perry Mitchell Tells His Story.” 7
July 1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Manning Says Jury Will Acquit.” 8 July
1906. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Plan to Revive Holy Rollerism.” 9 July
1906. p2.
Morning Oregonian. “Admit Jury Acquit Mitchell.” 10 July
1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Blesses the Newspapers.” 11 July 1906. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Calls Him a Creffield.” 11 July 1906. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Murder Cases Won by Attorneys.” 11
July 1906. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Slayer Mitchell Found Not Guilty.” 11
July 1906. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Criminal Legislation.” 12 July 1906. p8.
Morning Oregonian. “Esther Declined to Be Reconciled.” 12
July 1906. p5.
Morning Oregonian. 14 July 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. 16 July 1906. p4.
Morning Oregonian. 17 July 1906. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Tongues of Fire Threaten.” 31 December
1906. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Color Line Obliterated.” 31 December
1906. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Girl Taken From Fanatical Cult.” 26
January 1907. p10.
Morning Oregonian. “Her Body Quivers as She Worships.” 27
January 1907. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Attacked by Mob.” 10 February 1907. p10.
Morning Oregonian. “Tonguers Refuse to Move.” 18 August
1907. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Old Steel Cell Removed.” 18 March
1907. p10.
Morning Oregonian. “Esther Mitchell Leaves Asylum.” 6
April 1909. p1.
Morning Oregonian. “Mitchell Girl Escaped.” 7 April 1909. p6.
Morning Oregonian. “Girl’s Career is Tragic.” 3 August
1914. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “’Holy Roller’ Girl Slayer Is Suicide.”
3 August 1914. p4.
Morning Oregonian. “Rocks, Eggs and Bloodshed Early
Salvation Fare Here.” 30 September 1934. p15.
Oregonian. “NW Magazine.” 24 February 1980. p. 9.
Newberg Graphic. 2 November 1891. p 3.
Newberg Graphic. 30 May 1906. p5.
Newberg Graphic. “A Second Mitchell Murder.” 19 July
1906. p1.
Newberg Graphic. “Mitchell Boys Arrested.” 9 August
1906. p8.
Newberg Graphic. “Obituary.” 17 June 1926. p1.
Newport News. “V. P. Mitchell Services Held.” 13 July
1961. page unknown.
Newport News. “David P. Mitchell Dies in Waldport.” 13
September 1962. p20.
Newport News. “Obituaries. Attie Irene Levins.” 22
June 1922. sec. 2, p2.
Oregon City Courier. “Check sent to Esther Mitchell.” 20
July 1906. p2.
Oregon City Enterprise. “Meets A Tragic Death.” 11 May 1906. p1.
Oregon City Enterprise. “Esther Mitchell Worked Here.” 20 July
1906. p5.
Oregon City Enterprise. “Will Sacrifice His Home.” 20 July
1906. p4.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’Holy Rollers’ Are Quiet at Present.” 2
November 1903. p4.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’Holy Rollers’ Seem to Like Oregon.” 4
November 1903. p10.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Rollers Pursue Their Crazy
Antics.” 16 November 1903. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “O. V. Hurt Chases the Holy Rollers.” 23
November 1903. p12.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Girl of Sixteen Almost Insane.” 24
November 1903. p12.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Will Make Burn Offering.” 25 November
1903. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “The Lord May Starve Them.” 27 November
1903. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’Holy Roller’ Hurt Seen In Portland.” 8
December 1903. p9.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’Holy Rollers’ Not Liked at the
Dalles.” 29 December 1903. p9.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Brooks and His Feathers.” 13 January
1904. p10.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Fred Mitchell Sought Death.” 17
January 1903. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Rollers Are Still In Possession.”
31 October 1903. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’Holy Rollers’ in Hobo Camp Life.” 1
February 1904. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Medium Mystify Corvallis People.” 11
February 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “The ‘Holy Rollers’ Offend Humanity.” 1
March 1904. p1
Oregon Daily Journal. 8 March 1904. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Warrant Out For Holy Roller.” 16 March
1904. p4.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Old Mount Rainier May Become Active.” 17
March 1904. p4.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’Roller’ Prophet Is Still Missing.” 17
March 1904. p4.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Apostle Creffield Gets Out Of Country.”
18 March 1904. p4.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Chase For Holy Rollers Still On.” 22
March 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “After the Holy Roller.” 30 March 1904.
p10.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’Holy Roller’ Chief Very Badly Wanted.”
1 April 1904. p9.
Oregon Daily Journal. “The Salvation Army Gets Mission Money.”
3 April 1904. p10.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Not Religion But Murder.” 4 April
1904. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Roller High Priest Is Seen.” 18
April 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Officer Is On ‘Apostle’s’ Trail.” 24
April 1904. p5.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Officer To Seize Young Holy Roller.” 29
April 1904. p11.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Frank Hurt Is Forced To Flee.” 30
April 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’Holy Rollers’ Lose A Convert. 30
April 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’Holy Rollers’ Sent To Asylum” 1 May
1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’Rollers’ Would Restore Eden.” 2 May
1904. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Asylum Receives More Fanatics.” 7 May
1904. p11.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Two Young Women Are Committed.” 7 May
1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Thinks Williams May Tell All.” 22 July
1904. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Prophet Creffield Is At Last In Jail.”
29 July 1904. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Takes A Bath.” 30 July 1904.
p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Roller High Priest Is Coming.” 30
July 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Says God Will Protect Him
From People.” 1 August 1904. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “No Mob At Corvallis.” 2 August 1904. p4.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Apostle Does Not Dislike Prison.” 2 August
1904. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “’I Know No Sin’--Apostle Creffield.” 4
August 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Heavenly Talks In County Jail.” 6
August 1904. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Silks And Rags At Army Wedding.” 6
August 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “No Flowers For ‘Apostle’ Creffield.” 9
August 1904. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Reward Will Be Returned.” 16
August 1904. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Many Of Creffield’s Victims May
Recover.” 19 August 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Refuses Aid Of An Attorney.”
23 August 1904. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Trial Will Come Soon.” 24
August 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Would Sell Nerve Tonic To Creffield.” 26
August 1904. p9.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Destroys His Revelations.” 28
August 1904. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Promotes Himself From Plain Elijah.” 11
September 1904. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Is Guilty.” 16 September
1904. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Goes To Penitentiary.” 17
September 1904. p7.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Roller Is Taken To Salem.” 18
September 1904. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Rollers Gathering Near Waldport.”
24 April 1906. p10.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Said To Have Tried To Kill Apostle
Creffield.” 29 April 1906. p13.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Leaves Home For Roller.” 30 April
1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mrs. Starr Walks To Holy Roller Camp.”
1 May 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Poses As Jeremiah.” 2 May
1906. p4.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Roller Leader Shot Dead.” 7 May
1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “O. V. Hurt Leaves For Scene Of
Shooting.” 7 May 1906. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Starr Happy to Get The News.” 7 May
1906. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Death of Roller Causes Joy.” 8 May
1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield’s Slayer To Escape,
Disciples Disband.” 8 May 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Won Victims of Telepathy.” 8
May 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Widow Claims Holy Roller Will Arise
From Grave.” 9 May 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mitchell Is Denied Release on Bail.” 13
May 1906. p9.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Widow of Holy Roller Is Insane From
Waiting to See the Dead Arise.” 13 May 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Rollers in Corvallis.” 17 May
1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mitchell’s Young Sister Esther to
Testify Against Brother. 20 May 1906. p4.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Letters from the People.” 21 May 1906.
p4.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Still Believe In False Prophet.” 22
May 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mitchell’s Attorney Goes To Corvallis.”
26 May 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mitchell is Placed on Trial.” 25 June
1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Sympathy With Mitchell.” 26 June 1906.
p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. Mitchell Trial Held up by Squabble.” 27
June 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Gardner will Testify in the Mitchell
Case.” 29 June 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mitchell Trial is Under Way.” 29 June
1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mrs. Creffield Testifies.” 30 June
1906. p5.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Esther Mitchell on Stand.” 2 July
1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield Ruined Entire Family.” 3
July 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mitchell and Thaw.” 5 July 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Baldwin Tells of His Man Hunt.” 5 July
1906. p10.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Old Lady Grills Prosecutor.” 6 July
1906. p7.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mitchell Jury is Kept in Dark.” 9 July
1906. p7.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mitchell’s Fate Now With Jury.” 10
July 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “George Mitchell is Acquitted.” 11 July
1906. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Rollers to go to Canada.” 11 July
1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Manning Says Mitchell Did Just Right.”
11 July 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Are They Insane.” 13 July 1906. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Esther Mitchell Should Pay Penalty, He
Says.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Fear Esther Mitchell Will Commit
Suicide.” 13 July 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Had Three Guns.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Hurt Prostrated.” 13 July 1906. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mrs. Starr Not Sorry for Crime.” 13
July 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Story of Crime.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Upton Drunk.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Will Plead Guilty.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Wires Congratulations.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Women Went Armed.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Worked at Oregon City.” 13 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Both Killed in Same Way.” 14 July
1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Esther Mitchell, Maud Creffield are
Both Charged With Murder.” 14 July 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Gallows Shadow Over Two Women.” 14
July 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Body is Shipped to Oregon.” 16 July
1906. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Manning Scored by Frater.” 16 July
1906. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Says Frank Hurt is Innocent.” 16 July
1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Lies Beside His Mother.” 17 July 1906.
p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “In First Degree.” 18 July 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mitchell is Buried.” 18 July 1906. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Roller Family is Leaving
Corvallis.” 19 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Rollerism is Dead Forever.” 19
July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Will Defend Women.” 19 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Attorney Morris Offers Aid.” 20 July
1906. p12.
Oregon Daily Journal. “To Sacrifice Oldest Child.” 20 July
1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. 21 July 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mysterious Note to O. V. Hurt.” 21
July 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “End to Troubles of Holy Roller Family.”
22 July 1906. p13.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Esther Mitchell Sheds Tears.” 22 July
1906. p20.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Rollerism is Discussed.” 23 July
1906. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Laws Are Needed, Says Pastor.” 23 July
1906. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Women Arraigned for Murder.” 23 July
1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Withdraws Complaint.” 27 July 1906. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Not Guilty, Plea of Murderess.” 31
July 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Roller Makes Human Torch as
Sacrifice.” 25 August 1906. p12.
Oregon Daily Journal. “White Women Join Negroes in Frenzy of
Religious Orgy.” 4 September 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Woman Robs Husband to Join Holy
Rollers.” 8 September 1906. p12.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Esther Mitchell Close to Death from
Typhoid.” 12 August 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Development of Bohemia.” 12 September
1906. p13.
Oregon Daily Journal. “To Examine Minds of Slayers.” 10
September 1906. p7.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Mrs. Creffield’s Trial Set for Next
Month.” 16 September 1906. p14.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Glad Mitchell is Murdered.” 18
September 1906. p10.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Ship Murderess to Oregon.” 19
September 1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Both Women May Go Free.” 21 September
1906. p8.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Corvallis Woman Takes Dose of Poison.”
21 September 1906. p8
Oregon Daily Journal. “Frater Must Not Deport Women.” 24
September 1906. p7.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Roller Woman Dies While in
Trance.” 1 October 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “California Holy Rollers Will Invade
Capital City.” 4 October 1906. p14.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Epilepsy Ends Mad Revel of Holy
Rollerism.” 10 October 1906. p2.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Roller Mania Has Seized Women.” 22
October 1906. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Says Alliance Is Not Holy Roller
Church.” 23 October 1906. p6.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Ask Police Aid.” 15 November 1906. p3.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Maud Creffield Dies in Jail.” 17
November 1906. p12.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Poison May Have Caused Death.” 18
November 1906. p26.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Only What He Expected.” 18 November
1906. p26.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Creffield’s Widow Died From Poison.” 20
November 1906. p1.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Deaths.” 18 February 1909. p. 12.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Esther Mitchell Did Not Break Parole.”
8 April 1909. p11.
Oregon Daily Journal. “Holy Roller Principal Suicide.” 3
August 1914. p14.
Oregon Daily Journal. 9 January 1937. p4.
Oregon Sunday Journal. “Murderess Cursed by Brothers.” 15 July
1906. p1.
Polk County Observer. “The Holy Rollers. 6 November 1903. p1.
San Francisco Chronicle. “May Offer Up Human Sacrifice.” 1
November 1903. p19.
San Francisco Chronicle. “Holy Rollers Leave in Fear. 3 November
1903. p1.
San Francisco Chronicle. “Leader of Holy Rollers Returns to his
Flock. 6 November 1903. p3.
Deffenbaugh,
Walter. Seattle Daily Times. “Creffield’s
Ghost Controls His Flock.” 1 July 1906. p. 3.
Deffenbaugh,
Walter. Seattle Daily Times. “Esther
Mitchell at Brother’s Trial.” 30 June 1906. p. 1.
Deffenbaugh,
Walter. Seattle Daily Times. “Mitchell
is at Last on Trial.” 29 June 1906. p. 1.
Deffenbaugh,
Walter. Seattle Daily Times. “Mitchell
Meets His Aged Father.” 28 June 1906. p. 1.
Deffenbaugh,
Walter. Seattle Daily Times. “Still
Working on Mitchell Jury.” 26 June 1906. p. 1.
Kelsey, E. O. Seattle Daily Times. “O. V. Hurt, Star
Witness for Mitchell Defense, Gives His Testimony.” 3 July 1906. p1.
Kelsey, E. O. Seattle Daily Times. “Mitchell Weeps
While Starr Testifies.” 4 July 1906. p1.
Kelsey, E. O. Seattle Daily Times. “Attorneys Argue
Many Wary Hours.” 5 July 1906. p1.
Kelsey, E. O. Seattle Daily Times. “Audience Shouts
Approval of Verdict.” 11 July 1906. p1.
Kelsey, E. O. Seattle Daily Times. “Killing of Emory
May Effect Mitchell.” 9 July 1906. p3.
Kelsey, E. O. Seattle Daily Times. “Mitchell Case Goes
to Jury.” 10 July 1906. p1.
Kelsey, E. O. Seattle Daily Times. “Mitchell Jury to
be Given Case Wednesday.” 8 July 1906. p17.
Kelsey, E. O. “Seattle Daily Times. Signal Victory for
Mitchell Defense.” 7 July 1906.
Kelsey, E. O. Seattle Daily Times. “Visits Wrath on
Head of State’s Attorney.” 6 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “New Officers Take Up Religious Work.”
25 April 1906. p5.
Seattle Daily Times . “Creffield’s Followers In An Insane
Asylum.” 7 May 1906. p2.
Seattle Daily Times . “Creffield Shot To Death.” 7 May 1906.
p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Justifiable Homicide?” 8 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mitchell to Get Medal For Murder.” 8
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Doings of Holy Rollers at Corvallis.”
10 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Bullet Only Way to Save His Sisters.”
10 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mitchell To Be Arraigned At Once.” 11
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Statue Prevents Granting Bail To
Mitchell.” 12 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Creffield is Due To Rise Today.” 13
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Creffield Victim Tells Sad Story.” 15
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Let The Law Take Its Course.” 15 May
1906. p6.
Seattle Daily Times . “Oregon Citizens Plan Aid for Mitchell.”
15 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Creffield Said To Stay.” 16 May 1906.
p4.
Seattle Daily Times . “Creffield Made No Denial Of His Acts.”
17 May 1906. p4.
Seattle Daily Times . “Five Refugees Return.” 17 May 1906. p5.
Seattle Daily Times . “Holy Roller Wife Would Be Forgiven.” 17
May 1906. p5.
Seattle Daily Times . “Religious Fanatic Terrifies Sailors.”
17 May 1906. p5.
Seattle Daily Times . “Creffield Driven From Vermont.” 18
May 1906. p4.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mitchell Enters His Formal Plea.” 19
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “New Head of the Police Department of
Seattle. 20 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Joshua Says Not to Worry.” 27 May
1906. p10.
Seattle Daily Times . “Claims Mitchell Rid World of a Fiend.”
1 June 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Talesman to Try Mitchell.” 16 June
1906. p5.
Seattle Daily Times . “Many Witnesses For Mitchell.” 19 June
1906. p5.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mitchell Trial Tomorrow.” 24 June
1906. p12.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mitchell Trial Begins.” 25 June 1906.
p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Says She Talked With God.” 25 June
1906. p2.
Seattle Daily Times . “Still Endeavoring to Secure a Jury to
Try Mitchell.” 27 June 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . Witnesses at the Mitchell Trial. 30
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Esther Mitchell on Witness Stand.” 2
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Comes to Testify in Behalf of
Mitchell.” 4 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Claims Mitchell was Insane.” 6 July
1906. p14.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mitchell Seeks Aid.” 8 July 1906. p21.
Seattle Daily Times . “Thompson is Charged With First Degree
Murder.” 10 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . 11 July 1906. p6.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mitchell Seeks His Sister.” 11 July
1906. p9.
Seattle Daily Times . “Much Credit Due Prosecuting Attorney.”
11 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “General Rejoicing at Mitchell’s
Acquittal.” 12 July 1906. p2.
Seattle Daily Times . “Avenge Death of Creffield” 4th Extra.
12 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Is Reconciled to Her Father.” 5 o’clock
edition,12 July 1906. p9.
Seattle Daily Times . “Brothers Will Testify Against Esther
Mitchell.” 13 July 1906. p13.
Seattle Daily Times . “Creffield’s Followers in Camp at
Kiger’s Island.” 13 July 1906. p13.
Seattle Daily Times . “Creffield’s Widow Had Three
Revolvers.” 13 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Declares Esther is Surely Insane.” 13
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Esther Mitchell is Willing to Hang.” 13
July 1906. p2.
Seattle Daily Times . “Murder Causes a Sensation in Portland.”
13 July 1906. p13.
Seattle Daily Times . “Murder Mania is Denounced by Lawyers.”
13 July 1906. p3.
Seattle Daily Times . “Pay Last Tribute to Memory of Jurist.”
13 July 1906. p2.
Seattle Daily Times . “Spangenberg Sold Woman Revolver.” 13
July 1906. p13.
Seattle Daily Times . “Suicide Rumor Causes Sheriff Much
Trouble.” 13 July 1906. p3.
Seattle Daily Times . “The Times Scoops.” 13 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Walla Walla Man Glad Mitchell Died.” 13
July 1906. p2.
Seattle Daily Times . “Wagner Would Aid Women in Fight.” 13
July 1906. p2.
Seattle Daily Times . “Wanton Murder!” 13 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Was One of Most Fanatical of Sect.” 13
July 1906. p13.
Seattle Daily Times . “Woman’s Great Crime Causes Loss of
Friend.” 14 July 1906. p4.
Seattle Daily Times . “Brothers Refuse to Aid Esther
Mitchell.” 14 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Four Holy Rollers Living at Everett.”
14 July 1906. p4.
Seattle Daily Times . “Seek to Raise Money to Bury Their
Brother.” 14 July 1906. p4.
Seattle Daily Times . “The Insanity Farce.” 14 July 1906. p6.
Seattle Daily Times . “Follows in Steps of Creffield.” 16
July 1906. p11.
Seattle Daily Times . “Body is Shipped to Oregon.” 16 July
1906. p4.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mitchell’s Murderers Talk to a
Lawyer.” 16 July 1906. p10.
Seattle Daily Times . “Will Look After His Daughter’s
Defense.” 16 July 1906. p5.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mitchell Buried in Oregon.” 17 July
1906. p8.
Seattle Daily Times . “Murderers Are Examined Daily.” 17
July 1906. p8.
Seattle Daily Times . “Cheap ‘Economy’ Talk.” 19 July 1906. p6.
Seattle Daily Times . “Esther Mitchell Receives $1.” 22 July
1906. p8.
Seattle Daily Times . “Holy Rollers in California.” 22 July
1906. p11.
Seattle Daily Times . “Hurt Thinks Both Women Are Insane.” 22
July 1906. p44.
Seattle Daily Times . “Frater Favors a Commission of
Alienists.” 23 July 1906. p10.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mackintosh Will Oppose Calling
Commission.” 24 July 1906. p5.
Seattle Daily Times . “Army Has Moved to Seattle.” 26 July
1906. p11.
Seattle Daily Times . “Esther Mitchell Pleads Not Guilty.” 31
July 1906. p9.
Seattle Daily Times . “Esther Mitchell Very Ill.” 13 August
1906. p5.
Seattle Daily Times . “Criminal Court to be Busy.” 1
September 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Esther Mitchell May Escape Trial.” 10
September 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Sets Creffield Case for Trial in
October.” 15 September 1906. p14.
Seattle Daily Times . “Insanity Inquest Unfinished.” 17
September 1906. p4.
Seattle Daily Times . “Maud Creffield Anxious to Hang.” 18
September 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Declares Slayers of Mitchell Insane.”
20 September 1906. p1
Seattle Daily Times . “Insanity Excuse Arouses Much
Indignation.” 21 September 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Where is This Thing to End!” 22
September 1906. p6.
Seattle Daily Times . “Murders Must Be Tried.” 23 September
1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Judge Frater is in Very Small
Business.” 25 September 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Supreme Court Acts.” 24 September 1906.
p1.
Seattle Daily Times . Insanity Board Not Paid.” 28 September
1906. p13.
Seattle Daily Times . “Murder Epidemic as Result of ‘Insanity’
Folly Predicted by Times.” 2 October 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Neighbors Object to Religious Sect.” 17
October 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Religious Excitement Raging in Salem,
Ore.” 27 October 1906. p4.
Seattle Daily Times . “Maud Creffield Dies in County Jail.” 17
November 1906. p2.
Seattle Daily Times . “Death May End a Hypnotic Spell.” 18
November 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mrs. Creffield’s Father Coming.” 18
November 1906. p4.
Seattle Daily Times . “Esther Mitchell Breaks Down at
Funeral.” 19 November 1906. p7.
Seattle Daily Times . “Mrs. Creffield Killed Herself with
Poison!” 20 November 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Daily Statistics.” Deaths.” 21
November 1906. p16.
Seattle Daily Times . “Religious Frenzy in Ballard.” 30
November 1906. p10.
Seattle Daily Times . “Recent Insanity Hearings Provoke
Startling Charges.” 4 December 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Bar Association Will Investigate
Charges Against Frater!” 5 December 1906. p1.
Seattle Daily Times . “Strikes Blow at Insanity Plea Dodge.”
5 December 1906. p2.
Haynes, Myron. Seattle Mail and Herald. “The Creffield
Murder--Shall it be Condoned” 16 May 1906. p4.
Seattle Mail and Herald. “Salmagundi.” 12 May 1906. p3.
Seattle Mail and Herald. “Reaping the Whirlwind.” 21 July 1906. p3.
Angeloff, Sam. Seattle Post Intelligencer. “He Raised
His Voice In Holy Anger.” 15 May 1906. page unknown.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Marriage Licenses.” 4 April 1906. p11.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “History of the ‘Holy Rollers.’” 8 May
1906. p11.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Leader Of ‘Holy Rollers’ Killer.” 8
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Crefeld [sic] is to be Buried Today.” 9 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Oregon Prosecutor Would Aid Mitchell.”
10 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Shows No Emotion At Husband’s Grave.” 10
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Insanity May Be Mitchell’s Plea.” 11
May 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell May Ask Court for Bail.” 12
May 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Court Denies Bail to Geo. Mitchell.” 13
May 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Crefeld [sic] Fails to Rise From Dead.” 14 May 1906. p12.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell to Enter Plea Tomorrow.” 18
May 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell to Enter Plea of Not Guilty.”
19 May 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “F. M. Dow Denies Knowing Crefeld [sic].” 20 May 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Attorneys Ready For Mitchell Trial.” 23
June 1906. p9.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell Declares He Is Not Guilty.” 30
May 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Select Jurors in Mitchell Trial.” 26
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell Trial Advances Slowly.” 27
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Special Venire in Mitchell’s Trial.” 28
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Thirty More Named as Special Jurors.” 28
June 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Evidence Against Mitchell Today.” 29
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Maud Crefeld [sic] on Witness Stand.” 30 June 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Crefeld [sic]’s Doings Plea of Defense.” 1 July 1906. sec. 2, p7.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Insane Delusion Mitchell’s Plea.” 3
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Tell How Homes Were Broken Up.” 4 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Oregon Attorney Here for Mitchell.” 5
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Witnesses from Portland Called.” 5
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Say They Wished to Kill Crefeld [sic]” 6 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell’s Defense Soon Will Close.” 7
July 1906. p16.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell Insane Expert Testifies.” 8
July 1906. p12.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell Trial About Concluded.” 10
July 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell Freed by Jury’s Verdict.” 11
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell’s Father Leaves for East.” 12
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Attorney Miller Goes to Morgue.” 13
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Both Sleep Soundly at the County Jail.”
13 July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Chester Thompson is Not Informed.” 13
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Crowds Try to Get Look at Murderess.” 13
July 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “George Mitchell Killed by Sister.” 13
July 1906. p6.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “’Holy Rollerism’ Cause of Tragedy.” 13
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Hurt Hopes Esther Will Be Punished.” 13
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Judge W. H. Upton Offers Assistance.” 13
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Maud Crefeld Was Given Revolver.” 13
July 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell Bade Jailers Good-Bye.” 13
July 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mrs. Starr Smiles at Brother’s Death.”
13 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Obituaries.” 13 July 1906. p11.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Perry Mitchell Tells of Killing.” 13
July 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Planned to Kill Mitchell Herself.” 13
July 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Says She Does Not Regret Shooting.” 13
July 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Sisters Conversed Daily Over Phone.” 13
July 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Sister Said She Would Have Killed.” 13
July 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “State’s Attorney Makes Statement.” 13
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Too Easy to Get Pistols.” 13 July
1906. p6.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Widow Blamed for the Tragedy.” 13 July
1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Attorney Manning Discusses Murder.” 14
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Wanted to Assist Distressed Women.” 14
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Declares Murder Was for Revenge.” 14
July 1906. p10.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Deny Religion Led to Killing.” 14 July
1906. p10.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Prosecutor Will File Information.” 14
July 1906. p10.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Shows Mitchell had Normal Brain.” 14
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Surprised by the Action of Manning.” 15
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “O. V. Hurt Sends Aid to Daughter.” 15
July 1906. p7.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Both Women Will Ask for Attorney.” 16
July 1906. p14.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Says She Has Kept Religion Out of It.”
16 July 1906. p14.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Still Loves His Daughter Maud.” 17
July 1906. p16.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “May Take Esther Mitchell South.” 18
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Threaten Sister of George Mitchell.” 18
July 1906. p10.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Information Filed in Mitchell Case.” 19
July 1906. p10.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Says Roller Creed is Dead Forever.” 19
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “The Insane of Criminal Impulse.” 19
July 1906. p6.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “To Arraign Esther Mitchell Monday.” 20
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell Boys to Stand by Esther.” 21
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Says Crefeld [sic] Was ‘Good Godly Man.’” 22 July 1906. p14.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Esther Mitchell Sent Dollar Back.” 23
July 1906. p14.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Esther Mitchell Appears in Court.” 24
July 1906. p9.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Headquarters of Province Here.” 27 July
1906. p7.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Write Letters to Esther Mitchell.” 28
July 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Relatives to Help Esther Mitchell.” 1
August 1906. p16.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “W. A. Holzheimer Will Defend Mrs.
Crefeld [sic].” 6 August 1906. p11.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Esther Mitchell Not Seriously Ill.” 13
August 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Charges Mitchell Girl is Insane.” 11
September 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Esther Mitchell Objects to Help.” 13
September 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “State to Oppose Insanity Charge.” 14
September 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Secret Sessions in Mitchell Case.” 15
September 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Crefeld [sic] Murder Trial on Oct. 22.” 16 September 1906. p7.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Insanity Hearing May Close Monday.” 16
September 1906. p7.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “New Evidence in Sanity Hearing.” 18
September 1906. p16.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mitchell Crefeld [sic] Hearing is Ended.” 19 September 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Insanity Board May Report Today.” 20
September 1906. p7.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Esther Mitchell and Mrs. Crefeld [sic] Insane.” 21 September 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Miller Objects to Board’s Report.” 22
September 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Supreme Court to Determine Sanity.” 23
September 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Injunction Issued in Mitchell Case.” 25
September 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Restraint Might Only Delay Case.” 27
September 1906. p7.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Monday Was Time For Crefeld [sic].” 21 October 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Crefeld [sic]-Mitchell Case is Submitted.” 27 October 1906. p8.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Mrs. Hurt Visits Daughter in Jail.” 11
November 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Believes Death Came Naturally.” 17
November 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Maud Crefeld [sic] Dies in the County Jail.” 17 November 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Tragic Record of the Holy Rollers.” 17
November 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Cause of Death Not Determined.” 18
November 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Esther Mitchell Refuses Visitors.” 18
November 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Girl May Attend Funeral Services.” 18
November 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. 18 November 1906. Classified Albany
Democrat Section, p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Gives Opinion on Crefeld [sic] Autopsy.” 19 November 1906. p5.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “O. V. Hurt Arrives From Corvallis.” 19
November 1906. p16.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Says Friend Did Not Kill Herself.” 22
November 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Holy Roller Leader Buried Beside Wife.”
22 November 1906. p4.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Decided Change in Esther Mitchell.” 20
November 1906. p10.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Funeral Held to Late Mrs. Crefeld [sic].” 20 November 1906. p10.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Special Notices--Deaths and Funerals.”
20 November 1906. p14.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Poison is Found in the Stomach of Mrs.
Crefeld [sic].” 21 November 1906. p1.
Seattle Post Intelligencer. “Esther Mitchell Goes to Asylum.” 21
February 1907. p4.
Seattle Star. “I Got My Man.” 7 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Revolting Creed Of Holy Rollers.” 7
May 1906. p3.
Seattle Star. “Justifiable Homicide Is the Defense.” 8
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “’He Is Not Dead But Will Arise.’--Mrs.
Edmund Creffield.” 9 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Why? The Case of George Beede.” 9 May
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Will Try His Best To Hang. Geo. Mitchell.”
9 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Offers of Aid for Mitchell Are Pouring
In.” 10 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Writes Plea for Mitchell.” 10 May
1906. p3.
Seattle Star. “Holy Roller Ruled by Hypnotic Power.” 11
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mitchell Must Remain in Jail.” 12 May
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “What an Honorable Man Thinks of Geo.
Mitchell.” 12 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Creffield’s Widow Watches At Grave.” 14
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Sister Turns on Mitchell.” 14 May
1906. p6.
Seattle Star. “Holy Roller Hurt Back From Oregon.” 15
May 1906.
Seattle Star. “Miss Mitchell to Be Chief Witness.” 15
May 1906. p3.
Seattle Star. “Attack on Mitchell Fails to Carry.” 16
May 1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Were Half Starved But Still Faithful.”
17 May 1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Creffield (obliterated text) Rail In
Vermont.” 18 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Expert Writes on Creffield Case.” 18
May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Esther Mitchell.” 19 May 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “’Not Guilty’ Is His Plea.” 19 May
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Gets Message from Messiah.” 28 May
1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Creffield’s Influences.” 1 June 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Witnesses Called in Mitchell Case.” 19
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mitchell’s Brother Here for the Trial.”
22 June 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Will Testify For Mitchell.” 23 June
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “George Mitchell on Trial For His Life.”
25 June 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mitchell’s Brother Here for the Trial.”
25 June 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mitchell Jury is Selected with Care.” 26
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Slow Work to Pick the Mitchell Jury.” 27
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “State and Defense Weed Out Jurors.” 28
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mitchell Trial is Now on in Earnest.” 29
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “State Will Close its Case Monday.” 30
June 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “’God Bless You, George; We’re Praying
For You.’” 2 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Hurt Tells the Horrible Story of Holy
Rollerism.” 3 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Wanted a Chance to Kill Creffield.” 5
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Are Sure Mitchell Was Out of His Mind.”
6 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Insanity Expert on the Witness Stand.”
7 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mitchell Jury is Kept in Ignorance.” 9
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Esther Mitchell Makes Her Escape.” 10
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mitchell May Know Fate before Night.” 10
July 1906. p1,
Seattle Star. “George Mitchell is Now a Free Man.” 11
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mitchells Go to Portland.” 12 July
1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Climax of Crime in History of Seattle.”
13 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Crowds Flock to View Body.” 13 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Demands Arrest of Frank Hurt.” 13 July
1906. p6.
Seattle Star. “Do Not Believe Hurt Implicated.” 13
July 1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Esther Tried to Hide Name.” 13 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “’Flower Girl’ Visits Morgue.” 13 July
1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Girl’s Heart Will Break.” 13 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Intimate Study of the Face of Esther
Mitchell.” 13 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Her Good-Bye Was a Missile of Death.” 13
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Hurt Cleared of Suspicion.” 13 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mrs. Creffield Bought Gun.” 13 July
1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Mrs. Creffield Did Planning.” 13 July
1906. p6.
Seattle Star. “Murder in First Degree.” 13 July 1906.
p1.
Seattle Star. “Sister Smiles Over Murder.” 13 July
1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Sleeps the Sleep of a Care-Free Girl.”
13 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Will Hold a Post-Mortem.” 13 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Brain Shows no Insanity.” 14 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Doesn’t Blame His Daughter.” 14 July
1906. p3.
Seattle Star. “Dr. Haynes Roasts Seattle Reporter.” 14
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Father’s Love is Still Alive.” 14 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “File Charge Next Week.” 14 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Flowers Deck Body of Boy.” 14 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Holy Rollers at Everett.” 14 July
1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Insanity Plea is Loophole in Law.” July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mitchell Boys Are Done With Esther.” 14
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Need Money for Mitchell Funeral.” 14
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Women Have no Defense Plans.” 14 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Money is Raised to Bury Mitchell.” 16
July 1906. p8.
Seattle Star. “Pastors Talk of Tragedies.” 16 July
1906. p8.
Seattle Star. “Will Mortgage His Home for Daughter.” 16
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Early Trial for Women Slayers.” 17
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Let’s Think When We Talk.” 17 July
1906. p4.
Seattle Star. “Will Provide for Daughter.” 17 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Esther Mitchell to Have Defense.” 18
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Threatens His Sister’s Life.” 18 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mrs. Creffield Weeps in Jail.” 19 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mitchell’s Slayers are Arraigned.” 23
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Holy Rollers Seek Home in Wyoming.” 27
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Esther Mitchell Pleads Tomorrow.” 30
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Esther Mitchell Says Not Guilty.” 31
July 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Will Defend Mrs. Creffield.” 4 August
1906. p5.
Seattle Star. “Are Like the Holy Rollers.” 11 August
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Esther Mitchell is Far From Death.” 13
August 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Terrible Tale of Illness of Esther
Mitchell.” 14 August 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Will be Tried Next Month.” 8 September
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Hurt Thinks His Daughter Insane.” 12
September 1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Women Not Agitated.” 14 September
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Trial Set for Mrs. Creffield.” 15
September 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mrs. Creffield on Stand.” 17 September
1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Did Only What the Spirits Commanded.” 18
September 1906. p7.
Seattle Star. “Are They Sane of Insane?” 19 September
1906. p6.
Seattle Star. “Says Examination Was Only a Farce.” 21
September 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Writ for Frater.” 25 September 1906. p6.
Seattle Star. “Where Women are ‘Inspired.’” 12
November 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “’God’s Children’ Rejoice Joyfully.” 16
November 1906. p8.
Seattle Star. “Third Fatality in Holy Roller Drama.” 17
November 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Mrs. Creffield Laid to Rest.” 19
November 1906. p3.
Seattle Star. “Maud Creffield Died by Her Own Hand.” 20
November 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “They Still Scout Theory of Suicide.” 21
November 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Washing Dirty Linen.” 4 December 1906.
p1.
Seattle Star. “Say It Is Up to Judge Frater.” 5
December 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Judge Frater Hits Back at Mackintosh.”
6 December 1906. p1.
Seattle Star. “Baptized in Icy Waters.” 19 December
1906. p1.
Seattle Sunday Times. “An Epidemic of Murder.” 15 July 1906. p1.
Seattle Sunday Times. 15 July 1906. p6.
Seattle Sunday Times. “Says Daughter is Not Insane.” 15 July
1906. p1.
Seattle Sunday Times. “Hurt Will Come to Aid of His
Daughter.” 15 July 1906. p1.
South Lincoln County News (Waldport, Oregon). “Eyes of World fall
on Waldport.” 1 April 1997. p. 1.
South Lincoln County News (Waldport, Oregon). “Obituary.” 20 April
1999. p. 2.
Thompson
, Lewis, Startling Detective Magazine. “Nemesis of the Nudist High
Priest
Franz Edmund Creffield – ‘Joshua the Second’”. March
1951, Vol. 42, No. 244
Tacoma Daily News. “Holy Roller is Shot Down in Street.” 5
May 1906. p. 1.
Tacoma Daily News. “Are to Defend Holy Roller Slayer” 8
May 1906. p. 1.
The Dalles Daily Chronicle. “Salvation Army.” 22 September 1900. p3.
The Dalles Daily Chronicle. 18 October 1900. p3.
The Dalles Daily Chronicle. 1 November 1900. p4.
The Dalles Daily Chronicle. “Grand Farewell Meeting.” 3 November
1900. p4.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. 24 June 1903. p3.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. 22 July 1903. p3.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “False Doctrine.” 25 July 1903. p4.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. 22 August 1903. p3.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. 2 September 1903. p3.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Local Items.” 5 September 1903. p3.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Fanatics Antics Excite Corvallis.” 4
November 1903. p1.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Crefield [sic] Reappears.” 7 November 1903. p1.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Had Promise of Tar and Feathers.” 7
November 1903. p1.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Alice, Arise, I command Thee.” 11
November 1903. p1.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. 21 November 1903. p1.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Holy Roller Insane.” 28 November 1903.
p1.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Rollers Rolled in Feathers.” 9 January
1904. p3.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Officers to Seize Young Holy Roller.”
4 May 1904. p1.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “The Doomed Murderer.” 16 July 1904. p3.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Creffield is Captured.” 3 August 1904.
p1.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Not Creffieldites.” 3 August 1904. p4.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. 17 September 1904. p3.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Two Years in Pen.” 21 September 1904. p3.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. 24 September 1904. p2.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Tar and Feather Case.” 18 March 1905. p3.
The Dalles Semi-Weekly Chronicle. “Shadow of Scaffold.” 22 July 1905. p2.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. 19 April 1902. p3.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. 23 April 1902. p3.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. 1 October 1902. p3.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. 3 December 1902. p3
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. 10 December 1902. p3.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. “Holy Rollers Gathering.” 27 April
1906. p1.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. “Won Following by Telepathy.” 11 May
1906. p1.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. Slaying the ‘Prophets.’” 11 May 1906. p4.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. “For Defense of Mitchell.” 18 May 1906.
p4.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. “Ready to Try Mitchell.” 22 June 1906. p3.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. “Creffield’s Slayer on Trial.” 29 June
1906. p9.
The Dalles Weekly Chronicle. “Joshua’s Ghost in County Jail.” 29
June 1906. p1.
Weekly Gazette-Times. “Esther Mitchell Found in a Hut.” 20
August 1909. p7.
Weekly Gazette-Times “Mitchell Girl at Waldport.” 27 August
1909. p6.
Weekly Gazette-Times. 28 April 1911. p8.
Weekly Herald Disseminator. “Holy Rollers Again Scattered.” 1
January 1904. p2.
Weekly Herald Disseminator. “Creffield Has at Last Been Caught.” 4
August 1904. p1.
Weekly Herald Disseminator. “Holy Roller.” 8 August 1904. p7.
Weekly Herald Disseminator. “Holy Roller Mania.” 26 April 1906. p5.
Weekly Herald Disseminator. “Holy Rollers in Albany.” 3 May 1906. p5.
Weekly Herald Disseminator. “Burned His Shoes in County Jail.” 5
May 1904. p1.
Weekly Herald Disseminator. “Holy Rollers in the Public Eye.” 5 May
1904. p7.
Weekly Herald Disseminator. “A Reminder of Creffield.” 17 May 1906.
p7.
Weekly Herald Disseminator. “Took Strychnine.” 22 November 1906. p1.
Weekly Herald Disseminator. “Weeps Like a Child.” 22 November 1906.
p. 12.
West Side Enterprise. “Passed Through.” 4 August 1904. p2.
West Side Enterprise. “Passed Through.” 24 August 1904. p3.
Yamhill County Reporter. “Corvallis and Eastern Railroad.” 19
April 1906. p4.
Yamhill County Reporter. “Holy Roller Craze Again.” 26 April
1906. p2.
Yamhill County Reporter. 3 May 1906. p3.
Yamhill County Reporter. “Married.” 9 April 1914. p1.
Yamhill County Reporter. 6 August 1914. p1.
Yamhill County Reporter. 13 August 1914. p3.
Yamhill County Reporter. 3 April 1919.
Yamhill County Reporter. “Vernon LaMar Hartley Called.” 7 August
1919.
Yamhill County Reporter. “Frank Hurt Meets Death by Gun
Accident.” 15 January 1920. p1.
Yamhill County Reporter. “Mrs. Warren Hartley Dies Following
Long Illness.” 2 November 1933.
Yamhill County Reporter. 14 December 1894. p3.
Yamhill County Reporter. 6 November 1903. p8.
Yamhill County Reporter. 13 November 1903. p4.
Yamhill County Reporter. 20 November 1903. p4.
Yamhill County Reporter. 12 February 1904. p5.
Newspaper Articles about Creffield & the Holy Rollers
1897-1903: B.C. (Before Creffield)
October to December 1903:Holy Rollers Burn Furniture & Pets
January to March, 1904: Holy Rollers Tarred and Feathered
April to June 1904: Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum
July 1904: Creffield is Found & Arrested
September 1904: Creffield's Trial
April 1906: Men are Gunning For Creffield
May 1906: Creffield is Murdered, Murderer is Considered a Hero
May 1906: Holy Rollers Found Starving Near Heceta Head
June 1906: George Mitchell's Trial Begins
July 1906: Hurt Testifies of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
July 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother
August to October 1906: Seattle Prepares for another Big Trial
November 1906: Maud Hurt Creffield Commits Suicide
April 1909-August 1914: Esther Leaves the Asylum
1953 Stewart Holbrook's Murder Without Tears
1951Startling Detective Magazine, Nemesis of the Nudist High Priest
***
Chapters from
Holy Rollers: Murder & Madness in Oregon's Love Cult
Part 1: The Seduction
Chapter 1: Trust Me, Brothers And Sisters
(Life Before Creffield [B.C.])
Chapter 2: God, Save Us From Compromising Preachers
(Creffield's Preachings)
Chapter 3: The Flock
(Profiles of the Holy Rollers Were)
Chapter 4: The Holy Rollers
(Things Start to Get Wild on on Kiger Island)
Chapter 5: Housecleaning
(There's a Sacrificial Bonfire)
Chapter 6: Community Concerns
(Officers Visit)
Chapter 7: Esther, The Chosen One
(Creffield Plans to Marry 16-Year- Old)
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
(The Men of Corvallis Act)
Chapter 9: Sane People Don’t Go Bareheaded
(Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum)
Chapter 10: More Beast Than Man
( Creffield is Arrested)
Chapter 11: God Will Plead Creffield's Case
(Creffield in Court)
Chapter 12: Scandal
(Shocking Testimony at the Trial)
Chapter 13: Calm Before the Storm
(The Holy Rollers Resume their Lives)
Chapter 14: Giving Up The Ghost
(Men are Gunning for Creffield)
Part Two: The People V. Creffield
Chapter 16: The Widow Creffield
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
Part Three: The Madness
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
Chapter 25: What Can Papa Do For You?
Chapter 26: Human Life is Too Cheap In This Community
Chapter 30: The Final Chapter
(What Happened to Everyone Afterwards)
The Epilogue
(Heaven's Gate)