Creffield and the Holy Rollers made page one headlines from 1903 to 1907. When I was researching Holy Rollers: Murder and Madness in Oregon’s Love Cult I spent months transcribing hundreds of articles. I’m not sure why I was so obsessive. Maybe it was my way of immersing my self into a cult without joining one. Anyway, I’m posting them all for those who are really interested in the story, or are interested the history of journalism, or are interested in how a scandalous story played out in the "media" in a by gone era. Since I no doubt made typos and unconsciously corrected papers' typos, these web pages should not be cited in anything serious (e.g. your dissertation). For such projects they should only be used as starting points and you should refer to the original sources. If you want a shorter version of the story, buy my book. Enjoy.
1901: Local Lore, News Of Corvallis and Vicinity Told in Brief B. C. (Before Creffield)
Most of these
earliest articles are from the Corvallis Gazette and Corvallis Times, the latter of which had a regular feature titled, Local Lore, News Of Corvallis and Vicinity
Told in Brief, The comings and Goings of People, Social Gossip, Personal
Mention and Other Items of Public Interest. While not as juicy as the later stuff (the sex scandals, the mass
insanity, the murders, etc.) they do give one a glimpse into what life in
Oregon was like in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Corvallis Times 1/23/1901 p3
O V Hurt
went to Salem Monday.
Corvallis Times 1/30/01 p3
At the
Salvation Army Hall next Saturday evening the children provide the
entertainment. Refreshments will be served at the close. Admission free. A
grand rally of the army forces is also announced for Tuesday night. The hall is
in charge of officers recently from the East, and they seem disposed to make
considerable stir.
Corvallis Times 2/6/1901 p3
O V Hurt
has accepted a position as salesman in the store of S L Kline.
Corvallis Times 2/13/01 p3
Clarence
Starr has accepted a position as salesman in the Berman grocery store, and
began his duties Monday morning.
Salvation Army News
Captain Haleton,
who has labored in the Salvation Army in Corvallis for some time past, will
preach his farewell sermon in this city next Sunday. Numerous conversions have
been made as a result of his efforts here, but home duties call him away at
this time.
Tomorrow
night a swearing in of soldiers will occur at the army hall to which all are
invited.
Corvallis Gazette 3/6/1901 p3
The Salvation Army
General
Booth sailed from America last Wednesday, after five months spent in this
country in the interest of the Salvation Army. A special number of the War Cry
is to be issued in commemoration of his visit here.
The front
page will consist of a central picture of Gen. Booth, surrounded by twelve or
thirteen of the nation’s most prominent men. These will include President
Roosevelt, the governors of Ohio, Iowa, Georgia, Utah, and Massachusetts, and
United States senators and mayors of leading cities.
We hope the
people of Corvallis and surrounding county will be interest in this special
issue dated March 7th.
Yours
Fraternally,
C. E.
Brooks
Captain
Corvallis Times 3/30/1901 p1
Mrs. Starr,
mother of Mrs. Victor Hurt, was stricken with paralysis Wednesday, but at last
accounts was much improved.
Corvallis Times 4/24//1901 p3
O V Hurt
went to Salem Monday.
Corvallis Gazette 4/26/1901 p3
J. D. and
J. K. Berry will open a bicycle repair shop about the 15th of next month in the
building formerly occupied by the Variety Store. A fine outfit of new tools has
been sent for and when in place will make a well-equipped shop. The new
proprietors have had ample experience in this line of work. They will also deal
in second hand bikes.
Corvallis Gazette Fri 5/3/1901 p3
There is to
be a stereopticon entertainment at the Salvation Army hall next Tuesday
evening. Views of the Galveston horror will be shown with explanatory notes by
Chief Divisional Officer J. W. Cousins; also illustrated songs by Adjt. Smith
of Portland. Major Harris will conduct services tomorrow and Sunday at the
usual hours.
Corvallis Times 5/15/1901 p3
A new
bicycle repair shop is to be opened in town. James Berry is to be proprietor
and the shop is to be three doors south of the store of J H Harris.
Corvallis Times 5/18/1901 p3
Among the Portland-bound
passengers yesterday morning was Mrs. Hurt and daughter, Miss Maud.
Corvallis Times 5/18/1901 p3
A telegram
to O V Hurt announces the death yesterday morning at Oakland City, Indiana, of
his father J J Hurt. The deceased was aged 71 years and one day, having
celebrated the anniversary of his birth the day before his death. He had been
nearly all his life a resident of the state of Indiana, having been born in
Kentucky just across the river from the Indiana border. He was visited by Mr.
Hurt two years ago.
Corvallis Times 5/29/1901 p3
It was not
a cyclone or a cattle stampede, though not many of the symptoms were lacking. It
happened in Kline’s store Saturday evening. The employees were boxing eggs for
shipment. Victor Hurt stooped over an egg case and rummaged in the bottom, when
a big rat ran up his arm on his shoulder, brandishing his tail in his face. Hurt,
convinced that it was the panther reported at large west of town, fell over him
self in terror and set upon a commotion that brought all employees to the
scene. Armed with brooms, pocket shears and bars of soap the boys began a chase
that finally ended with the death of the rat just outside the front door. The
only hurt sustained in the incident was by Hurt, whose nerves were so hurt that
he still sees rats in every old box about the store.
Corvallis Times 6/12/1901 p3
L Hartley
and family are to leave this morning for Wildwood to engage in mining for the
next three months in the Bohemia district.
Corvallis Times 6/17/01 p3
The Salvation
Army has a new commander at Corvallis. He is Captain Weber who, with his wife,
arrived from California and assumed command yesterday.
Corvallis Gazette 7/19/1901 p3
O.V. Hurt
has rented the farm of Mrs. Agnes Thompson as short distance south of town. He
expects to move his family onto the place some time in October.
Corvallis Times 9/4/1901 p2
Those Who Graduated
... Under the regular work of state
course for the past year a large number of Benton county pupils enjoyed its
beneficial results. No less than 130 pupils took the examination for eighth
grade graduation diplomas. Of this number, 60 successfully passed the
examination. R V Williamson of Wells School made the highest general average,
which was 97 per cent. The other successful applicants were ... May Hurt ...
Corvallis Times 9/11/1901 p3
The
Salvation Army is preparing for its annual Harvest festival to be held from
Saturday, September 21st to Tuesday the 24th inclusive. Gifts of any articles
of salable character will be thankfully received at the local barracks.
Corvallis Times 9/14/1901 p3
Dead Soldier
He Served in the
Philippines--John Berry--
His Burial at Fossil, Oregon
John Berry
of Corvallis died at the home of his sister, Mrs. Prindle at Fossil at four
o’clock Sunday morning. He went there three weeks ago, and on Friday of last
week wired his relatives in this city to come. His mother and his brother James
left at once, and in Portland received news that John was better. They
proceeded on their journey, however, but arrived at Fossil Sunday evening to
find that son and brother was no more. The internment was at Fossil on Monday.
There was
no embalmer at Fossil and it was not deemed best to attempt to transport the
body to Corvallis. James Berry is expected to arrive home tomorrow. Mrs. Berry
will remain at Fossil for a time to visit with her daughter.
The
deceased was a member of the 2nd Oregon, and was in all of the campaigns of the
regiment in the Philippines. He was in the same company with a number of the
Corvallis boys. He returned from the islands more or less broken in health. For
a time he engaged in the truck business in Corvallis but had to retire from it
on account of his health. In recent weeks he failed rapidly under the ravages
of consumption, which caused his death.
Mr. Berry
was about 25 years of age. He was a native of Minnesota, but had resided from
early boyhood in Benton county and Corvallis. His father was a United Brethren
minister in Philomath and died many years ago.
Corvallis Times 9/21/1901 p2
Lewis
Hartley and family returned to Corvallis Wednesday from the Bohemia mines where
Mr. H. has interests in a number of claims, and where the family spent the
school vacation. A son and daughter of the family enter the college sophomore
year. Mr. Hartley returns in a few days to the mines.
Corvallis Times 9/28/1901 p3
Warren B.
Hartley has returned to Corvallis to enter OAC. He has been in the Bohemia
mining district during the summer, assisting his father in the development of
an excellent mining claim. The young man is in the mining course at the college
and gets practice along with theory.
Corvallis Times 9/28/1901 p3
O V Hurt
and family are moving to the Thompson farm south of Corvallis where they are to
reside the coming year.
Corvallis Gazette 10/4/1901 p3
Warren B.
Hartley, not having accomplished his reinstatement at the OAC, to the
disappointment of many friends, left Wednesday for his home in Bohemia, Lane
county.
Corvallis Times 10/26/1901 p3
A swift
journey on a bicycle was made Saturday by Frank Hurt. He went from Corvallis to
Oregon City in six hours. It is not likely that the trip was ever made by wheel
in so short a time. He rode a Cleveland. It ought to be added that he had a
sharp south wind at his back most of the way.
Corvallis Gazette 10/29/1901 p3
Meeting Schedule
Daily at 7:30 p.m.
Wednesday
and Friday, 3 p.m.
Saturday at 2:30 p.m.
THURSDAY
SPECIAL FAST DAY
Circle
meetings at 8:30 a.m. as follows:
Mrs. J. D.
Mann’s
Mrs. M.
Swich’s
Mrs.
Campbell’s
Mrs.
Herbert’s
Mrs.
Hartley’s
At the church
General gathering at the church at 9:30 a.m.
A meeting for women only at 3 p.m. Admission by ticket.
Corvallis Gazette 11/1/1901 p3
O. V. Hurt
returned home Tuesday from Portland where he had been a few days visiting his
son Frank. Frank is employed as a checking clerk at Ainsworth dock for the O.
R. & N. Co. He has a pretty good situation. Mr. Hurt says times are pretty
lively in Portland and any laboring man can secure employment if he really
cares to and a good wages.
Corvallis Gazette 11/1/01 p3
Fast Traveling
Clarence Starr returned home Tuesday from Seaside, Oregon where he had been employed for several months in a sawmill. He relates an amusing story at the expense of the little pumpkin vine railroad that runs from Warrenton to Seaside. While en route home, traveling over this line, the train slowed down, that is, it went slower than usual and the whistle was repeatedly blown in vain efforts to “shoo” a cow off the track. It seem impossible to make he give the right of way and a wearied passenger finally agreed to give her a start, which he did. She seemed quite alarmed at the demonstrations of the passenger and, throwing her tail to the breeze, continued her way on down the track at her liveliest gait. The passenger climbed back onto the “whole train” and the engine was turned loose to make up for the time lost. After about half an hour’s run the train again slowed down and the shrill whistle resounded along the coast. The passenger inquired what was the matter now. He was answered by the conductor who stated that they had caught up with the cow.
Corvallis Times 11/2/1901 p3
O. V. Hurt returned Wednesday from a business trip to Portland.
Corvallis Times 11/2719/01 p3
Corvallis Men
They Are Operating in Mining
Properties--Something About Them
One who
knows says that Louis Hartley, of Corvallis, has a mighty good thing in the
Bohemia mines. His operations there, this party says, promise to make him
independent so far as dollars and cents are concerned. In the newspaper
clipping bellow, taken from the Bohemia Nugget, something is said about mining,
which Mr. Hartley is interested.
‘Louis
Hartley was in town this week from Bohemia. He and friends have secured
ownership to the claim known as the Hole in the Ground adjoining the six
properties they now own. This acquisition will round out their holdings on
Bohemia Creek. The parties mostly interested in this group of claims are
businessmen of Corvallis. Trails have been built, cabins constructed and
everything has been or will be put in shape for energetic and continuous work
when spring opens.
‘This group
of mines joins the group recently sold and transferred to P.J. Jennings by
Hartley and Hughes. The new transfer shows that properties in that locality are
on the move, and with new blood and money that section will before long, come
well to the front.
Corvallis Gazette 12/3/1901 p3
Frank Hurt
is reported to be doing exceedingly well in his position as shipping clerk at
Ainsworth dock, Portland. A few days ago he checked a China steamer in and out.
This is quite an undertaking and requires considerable knowledge and great
accuracy. He is well spoken of by his employers.
Lewis
Hartley arrived home from the Bohemia mines Sunday morning. He will spend a few
days with his family before returning to his work. Mr. Hartley reports Bohemia
as booming. A new telephone line has been constructed from Cottage Grove to the
mines which shows the interest manifested in that part. Properties for sale are
steadily advancing in prices.
Corvallis Times 12/14/1901 p3
Mrs. O V
Hurt and Mrs. Starr arrived Thursday from a weeks visit to Portland. Mrs. Hurt was accompanied by her son Frank, who is employed with O
R & N Company at Portland. He is to return to Portland tomorrow.
Chapter of Holy Rollers where these articles are some of the sources:
Chapter 1:
Life Before Creffield (B.C.)
***1900: Holy Rollers' Lives Before Creffield
1902: Holy Rollers' Lives Creffield
***
Newspaper Articles about Creffield & the Holy Rollers
1897-1903: B.C. (Before Creffield)
October to December 1903:Holy Rollers Burn Furniture & Pets
January to March, 1904: Holy Rollers Tarred and Feathered
April to June 1904: Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum
July 1904: Creffield is Found & Arrested
September 1904: Creffield's Trial
April 1906: Men are Gunning For Creffield
May 1906: Creffield is Murdered, Murderer is Considered a Hero
May 1906: Holy Rollers Found Starving Near Heceta Head
June 1906: George Mitchell's Trial Begins
July 1906: Hurt Testifies of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
July 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother
August to October 1906: Seattle Prepares for another Big Trial
November 1906: Maud Hurt Creffield Commits Suicide
April 1909-August 1914: Esther Leaves the Asylum
1953 Stewart Holbrook's Murder Without Tears
1951Startling Detective Magazine, Nemesis of the Nudist High Priest
***
Chapters from
Holy Rollers: Murder & Madness in Oregon's Love Cult
Part 1: The Seduction
Chapter 1: Trust Me, Brothers And Sisters
(Life Before Creffield [B.C.])
Chapter 2: God, Save Us From Compromising Preachers
(Creffield's Preachings)
Chapter 3: The Flock
(Profiles of the Holy Rollers Were)
Chapter 4: The Holy Rollers
(Things Start to Get Wild on on Kiger Island)
Chapter 5: Housecleaning
(There's a Sacrificial Bonfire)
Chapter 6: Community Concerns
(Officers Visit)
Chapter 7: Esther, The Chosen One
(Creffield Plans to Marry 16-Year- Old)
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
(The Men of Corvallis Act)
Chapter 9: Sane People Don’t Go Bareheaded
(Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum)
Chapter 10: More Beast Than Man
( Creffield is Arrested)
Chapter 11: God Will Plead Creffield's Case
(Creffield in Court)
Chapter 12: Scandal
(Shocking Testimony at the Trial)
Chapter 13: Calm Before the Storm
(The Holy Rollers Resume their Lives)
Chapter 14: Giving Up The Ghost
(Men are Gunning for Creffield)
Part Two: The People V. Creffield
Chapter 16: The Widow Creffield
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
Part Three: The Madness
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
Chapter 25: What Can Papa Do For You?
Chapter 26: Human Life is Too Cheap In This Community
Chapter 30: The Final Chapter
(What Happened to Everyone Afterwards)
The Epilogue
(Heaven's Gate)