Creffield and the Holy Rollers made page one headlines from 1903 to 1907. When I was researching Holy Rollers: Murder and Madness in Oregon’s Love Cult I spent months transcribing hundreds of articles. I’m not sure why I was so obsessive. Maybe it was my way of immersing my self into a cult without joining one. Anyway, I’m posting them all for those who are really interested in the story, or are interested the history of journalism, or are interested in how a scandalous story played out in the "media" in a by gone era. Since I no doubt made typos and unconsciously corrected papers' typos, these web pages should not be cited in anything serious (e.g. your dissertation). For such projects they should only be used as starting points and you should refer to the original sources. If you want a shorter version of the story, buy my book. Enjoy.
July 2, 1906: Esther Mitchell on Stand
Seattle Star 7/2/1906 p1
“God Bless You, George; We’re Praying For You.”
Slayer of Creffield Is Loaded With Flowers as He
Marches From Prisoner’s Dock to Cell--Defense Outlines What Will be Used to
Prove That Mitchell Was Insane at Time of the Killing.
(In a box)
ESTHER MITCHELL ON THE STAND
Esther Mitchell, sister of
the prisoner, was the first witness called by the defense this afternoon. She
was an unwilling witness and it was not believed by Mitchell’s attorneys that
she would answer the questions propounded. Frank Hurt, brother of Mrs.
Creffield and a resident of East Seattle, and Mrs. Starr, the elder sister of
Mitchell, are also being examined this afternoon.
__
“God bless you, George, we’re
all praying for you!”
And an old woman, 60 or 70,
perhaps, made her way through the crowd gathered about the door of Judge
Frater’s court room and, grasping the hand of George Mitchell as he was being
led away for the noon recess, gazed affectionately into his face as the tears
coursed down her cheeks.
Behind her stood a woman of
tender years, garbed in June day white, and in her hand she carried a large
bouquet of roses.
FLOWERS FOR THE PRISONER
“They’re for you, George,”
she said in a sweet little voice that brought a lump to the throat of the man
the state would hang for murder. “I thought you’d like them down stairs and I
brought them to you.”
“Down stairs” was Mitchell’s
cell. It must have been brighter today than usual for there were others beside
the old lady with the tears and the young lady with the roses who stopped the
prisoner to shake his hand and wish him well.
MITCHELL SMILES
And through it all Mitchell
only smiled an embarrassed sort of smile, but one of gratitude.
Two or three times he tried
to express himself in words, but that lump in his throat seemed always in the
way, and he hurried on so that those who interrupted his walk to the prison
below should not see the moisture in his eyes.
DEFENSE BEGINS
This morning the defense
began its presentation of the facts that it believes will acquit the prisoner
of the charge of murder in the first degree in the killing of Franz Edmund
Creffield.
Silas M. Shipley, of Morris
& Shipley, attorneys for the defense consumed the entire morning session in
outlining to the jury the case of the defense. At the noon adjournment he had
not concluded and 30 minutes of the afternoon session was occupied in the
completion of the statement.
INSANE AT THE TIME
The defense will attempt to
prove that Mitchell was insane at the time he committed the deed. According to
Mr. Shipley, testimony will be introduced tending to show the Mitchell family
to be peculiar in many ways. The defense will show the father to have been a
religious maniac and will point to the conduct of the sisters, Esther Mitchell
and Mrs. Starr, as evidence of a mental weakness in other members of the
family.
The defense will undertake
also to prove that Mitchell was a devout spiritualist and that on several
occasions he made the statement to friends that it had been revealed to him
that he should seek out Creffield and take his life.
“You men have not been
chosen to God to that work,” Mitchell is said to have remarked to three
Corvallis men. “I am the only one who can kill Creffield, and I am going to do
it. God has revealed to me a command that I should go and get him and deliver
him over to God.”
WILL TELL STORY
The defense will put
witnesses on the stand to tell the entire story of Creffield’s actions in
Oregon. These witnesses will tell, according to Mr. Shipley, of Creffield’s
most depraved conduct and of his relations with the female members of his
flock.
The efforts of Creffield to
ruin Esther Mitchell, the sister of the victim will be related to the jury. This
testimony will tend to show the wonderful influence exerted by Creffield over
his followers, and will, of course, be introduced with the idea of justifying
Mitchell in the killing of his victim.
The jury will be told of the
effort of a Corvallis man by the name of Hartley to kill Creffield. It will be
known that this man, whose home had been broken up by the leader of the Holy
rollers, had held a gun almost in Creffield’s face and had five times pulled
the trigger, but the gun refused to discharge. It was afterwards found that the
gun was of center fire and the cartridges rim fire.
CORVALLIS EXPERIENCE
The jury will also learn of
Creffields experience in Corvallis when he was taken from his room in the dead
of night and after being stripped of his dress was tarred and feathered and
told to get away as quickly and as far as possible.
The story of the defense
will be the history of Holy Rollerism from its inception until its death, which
came with the death of its leader in Seattle in May. The baleful influence of
Creffield will be dwelt upon and the jury will be asked to believe that there
was sufficient provocation for the killing of Creffield.
HEADLINES IN DIFFERENT PAPERS FOR THE SAME ARTICLE
Seattle Daily Times 7/2/1906 p1
Esther Mitchell on Witness Stand
Sister For Whose Sake Man Charged With Killing
Creffield Committed Crime Helps Brother’s Case Little.
Attorney Shipley Takes Entire Forenoon To Outline
Intentions Of Defense, And Says Client Was Insane At Time.
Declares Young Farmer Boy Believed Himself To Be
Selected By God To Remove Holy Roller From This Life.
Oregon Daily Journal (Portland) Mon 7/2/1906 p2
Esther Mitchell On Stand
Sister Of Slayer Of Creffield Tells Of Her Connection
With
Holy Rollers.
Has No Sympathy For Brother Who Loves Her
Defense In Opening Case States It Will Be Shown
Defendant Was Temporarily Insane When He Killed “Apostle.”
Corvallis Times 7/3/1906 p1
Esther Mitchell on Stand
Refuses To Aid Brother
(In A Box)
Mrs. Burgess Starr, sister
of George Mitchell, and who was the prosecuting witness in the Oregon Case in which
Creffield was found guilty of adultery, refused to come into court this morning
to testify in her brother’s behalf. She was escorted to the courtroom by a
deputy sheriff and at the noon adjournment was allowed to go to the Stevens
Hotel, where she is staying. When court convened for the afternoon session Mrs.
Starr was not in court and it was stated she had again refused to come. A bench
warrant was issued and two deputy sheriffs sent to enforce its provisions.
_____
By E. C. Kelsey
Nervously interlacing his
toil knotted fingers and biting his lips until they showed white, in a vain
effort to repress the volcano of feeling which surged in his breast, George
Mitchell this afternoon watched and listened while his sister Esther told on
the witness stand of her connection with Joshua Creffield and his band of Holy
Roller fanatics. It was to save his sister from being totally ruined by the man
who held her in the hollow of his hand and altogether responsive to his false
teachings that the young farmer boy took the law into his own hands and placed
himself in jeopardy because he loved her.
That the sister has no
appreciation of this great love in which she is held by her brother, and
decries his act in taking the life of the man who would have destroyed her, is
evidenced by her attitude. For all she cares, her brother may pay the penalty
which the law exacts for the crime of murder, and she would never mourn him. She
does, however, mourn Joshua Creffield, and every bit of evidence she gave for
the defense was drawn from her by great effort on the part of the attorneys who
are trying to secure the freedom of George Mitchell.
SHIPLEY OUTLINES DEFENSE
George Mitchell in taking
the life of Joshua Creffield on the morning of May 7, believed that he was
performing an act for which he had been especially selected by God. He believed
that he was the only man living who possessed the power to rid the world of
this man who had brought ruin and disgrace, not only upon the people Mitchell
loved best, but upon others whom he knew and of whom he was fond. this belief
which he had expressed to a number of people and which all argument failed to
dispossess him of, had been with him for months before he finally accomplished
what he felt to be his solemn duty and even when lying delirious with illness
in a Portland hospital he babbled of his fear that Esther Mitchell would meet
the fate which Creffield had in store for her.
This and other evidence
tending to show that Mitchell was temporarily insane was placed before the jury
this morning by Attorney Silas M. Shipley when the defense outlined its case. Mr.
Shipley spoke for more than two hours and had not finished at the time of the
noon recess. As soon as court was called for the afternoon session he spoke for
nearly half an hour. Every detail of the doings of the Holy Roller under the
spell cast by Creffield was recounted at length, and as the man who is
defending him talked, George Mitchell watching him and the faces of the men
upon whose decision his fate depends was forced to call upon all his mental
strength to keep himself under control, as the acts which had so preyed upon
his mind that he lost the power to reason with the logic saneness were set
forth in all the vividness of their gross character.
TAX ONE’S BELIEF
Some of the statements made
by Mr. Shipley were of such a nature as to tax one’s power of belief in their
possibility, but it was the knowledge that these were the things which the
defense will show by witnesses so prayed upon Mitchell that his mind, already tainted
with an inherited blight became blunted to aught else except his married
sister’s fate and the moral doom which hovered over Esther. He believed that to
him and to him alone was given the power to save the sixteen-year-old girl, who
time and again had broken from loving restraint and sought the presence of the
man who claimed to be God.
It was not pleasant, this
awful revelation of baseness, indulged in by those who had become dead to all
sense of moral and physical decency, but there were many women and girls of
tender years who struggled for a point of vantage in the sweltering crowd which
jammed the courtroom this morning and heard with straining ear the low spoken
words which told of it all. (Oregon Daily Journal (Portland) The courtroom is
crowded, as is the corridor leading to the courtroom. The intense heat makes
the work in the court-room very disagreeable.) These same people hung upon
every word which Esther Mitchell spoke from the stand and turned and craned
their necks to better see this child who, deadened of all love for family,
would see her brother punished for what he has done in her behalf.
FEAR RULING ON WITNESS
It is a patent from the
strength of the address made to the jury this morning that the defense holds a
fear that some of its witnesses may be prevented from testifying because of
certain provisions of the law. It is when the attempt to cite many events
leading up to and having a tendency to show hereditary insanity is made that
the defense fears for its present plans, and Mr. Shipley devoted much time in
telling of the family history of the defendant. It was for the same reason also
that the doings of the Holy rollers was gone into at such length.
In opening Mr. Shipley said:
“I am authorized for the
defendant to make a statement in this case of the facts leading up to the
homicide which occurred on the 7th of May last. He appears in this court
charged by the prosecution with having on the 7th of May, in the City of
Seattle, committed a murder in the first degree; it is claimed that on that day
he coldly, deliberately, in the full possession of his senses and unmoved fired
the ball from his revolver which severed the bond connecting the soul of
Creffield with his body and sent him to his grave in the cemetery.
“We are not before you for
the purpose of pettifogging, or attempt to befog the real issue before you. Our
position in this case is that while not denying that it was the defendant’s
hand that fired the shot, we do deny that his act at that time was controlled
by a mind in the possession of its rational and reasoning faculties to such an
extent as to comprehend the true relation which he bore to his surroundings and
responsibilities and obligations he rested under to others, or to realize the
true nature of the act, or control his will in reference thereto; and that
under these conditions, brought to such a state of mind by a certain sequence
of events which we shall unfold to you, he fired the shot, but of course in so
doing he is amenable to the law of man.
“You have listened to the
evidence fall from the lips of the states for the purpose of showing a
deliberate attempt to kill has through its witnesses displayed the cool
demeanor of the defendant. The defense by its cross examination of witnesses
has drawn out before you in greater degree than the prosecution did, and
emphasized the same qualities, and we propose to show by the defense in this
case, in addition to the witnesses offered by the state, the fact that upon
that occasion the defendant was cool, that in all of the acts and surrounding
of the homicide, and his conduct subsequent thereto he displayed not only a
lack of extreme nervousness, but that he was absolutely dead to any fear of
punishment, that he failed to apprehend that he was amenable to man’s laws believing,
as the witness Sefrit testified that he had said that he had only done what was
right, what duty had called him to do and that he could not be punished.
“The evidence of the defense
will be to introduce further to emphasize this condition, which the state has
in part established. Having done that we will then show evidence bearing upon
the early life of this young man, tracing him from birth to manhood, and
present to you facts which have been instrumental in making what he was on May
7, in order that you may determine what the true condition of his mind then
was. for only by so doing can we solve the mystery of the human mind. It is
only by its outward manifestation that we can form judgment on the mind.
FATHER WAS INSANE
“For that reason we shall
cause you to be led by the witnesses over to the little hamlet in Oregon, where
at the age of 5 this defendant, with his father, three sisters and four
brothers, moved from the State of Illinois, where he was born and had resided
up to that time, to this village. Settling there on a small place, the father
was compelled to wrestle with nature for a livelihood for the family. There
this defendant passed the early days of his boyhood. While at the age of 10 or
12 years his mother was laid in the tomb. The two older sisters were required
and did support themselves, as well as the two older brothers. The younger
brother and this defendant remained with the father. The younger sister,
Esther, was taken in the care and custody of a kind family in the little town
of Newberg. The family lived under these conditions for a few years following
the mother’s death.
“Prior to this time the
father, a hard-working man, a man who loved his family, was a strongly
religious man. Commencing at an early day, in the State of Illinois, he
belonged to the Friends, or Quakers. He was a man of strong peculiarities and
eccentricities, a man who could see no good in things only as they were seen
through his glasses. [sic] This man was a Friend as long as the people in the
particular organization looked well--whenever they would not follow him he
became something else. Following the mother’s death in the State of Oregon he
joined the Salvation Army because of disagreement and dissension in his former
sect. Added to his religious eccentricities and peculiarities, he was a strong
Prohibitionist and had no use for a man not a Prohibitionist.
“We will introduce neighbors
and friends of the father and you will hear from their lips their statement of
their acquaintance with this man prior to the birth of the defendant up to the
time he left Oregon for Illinois, when this boy was 11 years old. These
witnesses will relate the state of facts as existing in the case of the father,
and as some of them will express it in their homely way, he was ‘nothing.’ He
was an overly religious man, and always an active member of the Salvation Army.
He answered to the calls of their meetings, no matter what his home duties
were, and everything had to yield to his religious passion.
IS A FAMILY CHARACTERISTIC
“The facts will show that
this is a strong family characteristic and that it was handed down from father
to children. It will be shown that the father possessed the additional
eccentricity that he could not argue, or debate, or reason with anyone without
flying off the handle. And the witnesses will tell you of the efforts they had
to keep on friendly terms with the father because of the strong peculiarities
we have just mentioned.
“The older-boy, some two to
four years older than the defendant, inherited the same characteristics, and
became an active and zealous worker in the Salvation Army. At an early age he
showed the same peculiar processes of mind that the father had, and could see
no good in any person’s acts, or reasons, or views unless they agreed with his.
This older brother some three years ago, as evidence will show, while in a
state of despondency over a love affair attempted to commit suicide. That
brother has always shown traces of a mental condition which witnesses described
as ‘being off,’ and not right in the head.
“We will show further by the
evidence that the sisters went to Portland and eventually took up the work of
the Salvation Army, following in the footsteps of the father, and the inherited
tendency manifested itself in all of the children. The defendant, at the age of
12 and 14 years--as early as that--attended meetings, but while becoming
interested, never professed religion.”
After describing the
disgusting doings of the Holy Roller society and the many efforts of George
Mitchell and his brother-in-law, Burgess Starr, to keep the sisters of the one
and the wife of the other, free from the influence of Creffield, Mr. Shipley
went on to show how the defendant had for some time given evidence of religious
insanity and told of his belief in spiritualism.
Following a brief outline of
Creffield’s career from the time of his discharge from the Oregon penitentiary
until his second marriage with Maud Hurt in Seattle, Mr. Shipley continued:
“Shortly after this George
Mitchell is confined to the hospital in Portland with measles. The doctor who
attended him will testify as to his condition at that time and will testify that
the sole theme of the defendant’s conversation, even in his delirium, was of
his two sisters, and particularly Esther. At this time he claims that his
mother had revealed to him that Creffield was again at large and that his
influence was again going to be exerted over those two sisters. He asserted
that the spirits had revealed the fact that it was going to be given to him to
bring this unholy influence of Creffield to a close, the manner not yet being
revealed, however.
“One night towards the end
of April, some time between the close of the day and the ushering in of the
morn, Mr. Starr awakes to find that his wife has left him, leaving a note. The
next day the defendant calls at the house and reads the note, something to the
effect: ‘I cannot wait until daylight because the babies would cry to go with
me. I have taken $3.50 of your money, but I guess I have been worth that much
to you. It is not enough to pay my fare and I will have to walk to the place I
am going.’
“This brother, the
defendant, reads that letter and takes the motherless babies on his lap, one of
seven months, one of three and another of five years, and cries over them. He
tells them that his mother has told him that God would reveal to him where
their mother had gone--that God was going to tell him and he would bring mamma
back to them.”
Mr. Shipley followed along
similar lines, showing the belief of Mitchell in spiritualism, and said that
several witnesses would testify from the stand as to conversations held with
Mitchell in which he had affirmed his revelations given from the spirits,
particularly that of his mother, in which he was told that he would remove
Creffield from the world.
Evening Telegram (Portland) 7/2/1906 p1
Insanity Will be Mitchell’s Plea
Defense Outlines Plans and Every Effort Made to Sway
Emotions of Jurors.
SEATTLE, WASH., JULY
2.--That the belief that his sister, Esther Mitchell would be ruined by
Creffield, the leader of the “Holy Rollers,” drove George Mitchell insane and
caused him while in that condition to kill Creffield, is the defense that the
young farmer boy on trial for his life in the Superior Court will offer,
according to the opening statement made by Silas M. Shipley, one of the
defendant’s attorneys. For two hours and a quarter the attorney outlined the
evidence that the defense will offer. The fanatical acts of Creffield in hi
so-called religious camp were detailed at length. Nothing was admitted.
Everything that could sway
the emotions of the jurors in Mitchell’s favor was brought out in the opening
statement, as the defense fear that it will be precluded by the court from
introducing much of it as evidence.
Esther Mitchell will be
called this afternoon to testify. It is expected that she will prove an
unwilling witness for the defense, as she still mourns Creffield’s death and
declares her brother should be punished.
Morning Oregonian (Portland) 7/3/1906 p1
Oregon Man Tells Revolting Story
O. V. Hurt On Witness Stand
Warned George Mitchell To Guard Sister From
Creffield.
Ruin Of Corvallis Home
Father-In-Law Of Dead Fanatic Gives Seattle Jury
Insight Into Domestic Troubles--Mother’s Spirit Told Son To Kill.
AN ABRIDGED VERSION OF THE
SAME ARTICLE ALSO APPEARED IN
Corvallis Gazette 7/6/1906 p1
Against Her Brother
Reveals Teachings Of Holy Roller Prophet.
Sister Testifies In Mitchell Trial--Crowds In
Attendance.
SEATTLE, Wash., July
2.--(Staff Correspondence)--Holy Rollerism, the leprous cult conceived and
expounded by Edmund Creffield, was laid bare before court and jury during the
day’s proceedings in the Mitchell-Creffield murder trial today. All the
unnatural and hideous phases of the sensuous creed were exposed as tending to
mitigate young George Mitchell’s offense against the law when he shot down the
man who had ruined several home and a score of lives under the cloak of
religion.
The tragedy was first
described by S. M. Shipley, of counsel for the prisoner, in his opening
statement for the defense. Mr. Shipley spoke in simple words and his manner was
calm and unimpassioned. Such a recital seemed to need no emphasis. That he was
giving a clear and uncolored version of Creffieldism was hard to believe. It
did not seem consistent with anything in human nature. To the layman, the
suspicion could not as times be avoided that Mr. Shipley, out of zeal for his
client, was making more lurid the pigments with which he painted the unpleasant
picture.
HURT TELLS GRAPHIC STORY
Later when O. V. Hurt of
Corvallis, Or., took the witness stand, the relentless truth of what the
attorney had said was driven home to jury and spectators. Those in the
courtroom who thought they knew human nature were doomed to learn that the love
a mother for her children is not always supreme; that a daughter’s affection
for her father may be changed to scorn and dislike when touched by the venomous
influence of a reptile like Creffield; that a sister may come to despise the
brother who risks his life for her honor; that women of mature years may forget
their devotion to their homes and may even leave off their acquaintance with
such institutions as modesty, decency, humanity and other traits of the normal,
human being.
HURT TELLS GRAPHIC STORY
Mr. Hurt’s story, as told
from the witness stand in Judge Frater’s court today, was that of the ruining
of his own life, the breaking up of his own home and the scattering of a
contented, happy family. His voice choked with emotion as he told it. Often his
power of speech would be lost in a flood of emotion. The jury was visibly
affected by the recital of Hurt’s domestic wrongs.
Nor were the proofs of
Creffield’s strange power all left to the verbal testimony of the witness. The
court had a practical demonstration of it early in the afternoon, when Mrs.
Burgess E. Starr, the married sister of the young defendant, absolutely refused
to come into court, as ordered, to testify in her brother’s behalf. Mitchell’s
attorney demanded that she be compelled to appear and Judge Frater issued a
bench warrant and detailed a deputy sheriff to escort her to the witness stand.
When confronted by the officer the woman objected to leaving her room at the
Stevens Hotel. She offered no resistance, however, when he insisted.
BEGRUDGES BROTHER AID
Her testimony, when she did
take the stand, was given in a hesitating and reluctant manner, as if she
begrudged her brother and protector any advantage she might give him in his
battle for life.
Esther Mitchell, the younger
sister was also on the stand. She, too, showed no inclination to help her
brother. Her answers to questions were brief and of little or no direct
consequence. The two sisters were on the stand but a few minutes today. They
will be recalled before the defense is finished and examined more closely.
The first day of the defense
was much more productive of results than had been expected. Mr. Shipley did not
get through with his opening statement until the middle of the afternoon. It
had been intended to call several unimportant witnesses for the purpose of
establishing Mitchell’s temperamental peculiarities, thus laying the foundation
for an insanity defense.
STATE MAKES LOUD OBJECTION
A. R. Mills, a Newberg, Or.,
fruit-grower, was called for this purpose, but such vigorous objection to this
line of testimony was interposed by the prosecution that it was withdrawn
pending a ruling on the materiality of the evidence. This ruling will not be
made until both sides have presented authorities and arguments in the morning.
This development caused the
defense to call Mr. Hurt to the stand. It was anticipated that his testimony,
too would be objected to, and it was desired by Mr. Morris and Mr. Shipley to
find just what latitude they might expect in handling their case.
By repeating his story of
Holy Rollerism in the form of a statement that he had made to young Mitchell,
prior to the killing, Mr. Hurt was permitted, under Judge Frater’s ruling, to
testify concerning Creffield and Creffield’s pernicious teachings.
Mr. Hurt is a man of about
55 years, stockily built, intelligent and kindly of appearance. He spoke in a
hesitating manner and had to be frequently prompted to proceed in laying bare
his family misfortunes. Several times he had to stop speaking and fight for
self control.
WHAT HE TOLD MITCHELL
After stating, in response
to a question, that he was the father of Maud Hurt Creffield, the dead man’s
widow, he said:
“I met the defendant, Mr.
Mitchell, in Portland, the last week in March. I told him Creffield was out of
prison and described to him the effects of his power over the women folks.
“I told him that Creffield
used to get his followers to lie on the floor and roll about, praying and
shouting. He would keep telling them that God would smite them unless they did
as he said. He claimed to be the Savior. I have known Creffield to keep them
rolling about on the floor in this manner for from 12 to 24 house at one time.
His power over his followers, who were nearly all women, was something
wonderful. They did whatever he said. They were dead to all human sympathies.
They let their children, their husbands and their parents go uncared for and
without a kind thought or word.
OBEYED HIM LIKE CHILDREN
“Creffield would say, for
example, as I told young Mitchell, ‘Esther Mitchell, you do this;’ and she
would do it. He would tell my wife or daughter to do a thing and it would be
done as he said.
“When they got together for
the religious services, all would lie on the floor. Creffield would walk among
them and sometimes he would roll about, too. While lying this way they were
supposed to receive messages from God. Creffield would keep telling them to
pray and shout with all their might or God would smite them.
“These things happened
mostly at my home while I was away, prior to the time Creffield was sent to the
penitentiary.
“Esther Mitchell came to me
one day and said she had received an inspiration from God that he would smite
me unless I made my peace with him. She warned me not to attempt to got to town
that day, as I had been in the habit of doing.
DROVE HIS FAMILY INSANE
“When I talked the matter
over with George Mitchell I told him they were all in a religious frenzy and
that all of them had been driven crazy by Creffield. I told him that my wife,
Mrs. O. V. Hurt, my son, Frank, and my daughter, May Hurt, had all been sent to
asylums as a result of their associations with Creffield. I told him that his
Sister, Esther, had been taken from my home, where she had been staying, to the
Boys’ and Girls’ Aid Society, at Portland, because of her mental state. I told
him his sister was completely ‘off’ on account of this religion.
“At one time, as Creffield’s
power grew, they offered a sacrifice of two dogs and a cat. I heard there had
been talk of offering up a little girl as a sacrifice. Creffield made them turn
the pictures of homes to the wall saying such things partook of vanity and the
world. About this time the Sheriff of Linn County came to my home and took
Creffield away to be examined as to his sanity. They did not send him to an
asylum, and he came back.
TELLS OF THE NAKED ORGIES
“It finally came to such a
pass that Creffield made the women burn all their clothes as a sacrifice and
wear nothing by thin wrappers. These garments even would be dispensed with
during the rolling services. My wife and daughter and Mitchell’s sisters
submitted to these teachings. They refused to sit in chairs. They would not eat
in my presence, and those who had children would neglect them. My wife
neglected her little girl.”
“That man, gentlemen of the
jury, ruined my life. He ruined my home and my family. I told Mitchell the man
ruined his sisters.”
“Under Creffield’s influence
my little daughter grew so she would have nothing to do with me. She would not
talk with me or come near me. I had her removed then to the Boys’ and Girls’
Aid Society. After she had been there a few days she grew tired of it. She sent
for me and said she was ready to come back to my home. When she came home I
learned from her lips all that had been going on.
LITTLE GIRL CONFESSES ALL
“Out in our yard, as I held
her on my knee, she told me the story. She asked me not to be harsh with my
wife, her mother, because she had been among the last to bend to Creffield’s
will. When he gave he a command that I will not repeat, my wife refused to
obey, my little girl told me. Then Creffield drove my wife to do his bidding.
He told her if she refused he would drive her out of the church, and that God
would smite her. Then she submitted.
At this point the state
entered an objection to the witness’ recital of things not directly bearing on
the point, claiming that they were irrelevant and immaterial. The point was
being argues when the hour for adjournment arrived. Mr. Hurt will conclude his
testimony in the morning.
BROTHER ATTEMPTED SUICIDE
The testimony adduced from
other witnesses was of less consequence. Mrs. Starr, when finally brought into
court, admitted with reluctance that she was a sister of the defendant. She
identified a Creffield letter which is to be put in evidence later, and
admitted having known that her brother, Fred, shot himself in Portland about
three years ago. Similar testimony was given by Esther Mitchell in response to
questions. Both women will probably be given a more protracted examination on
the witness stand later on in the trial.
Mr. Mills, the other
witness, was an old friend of the Mitchell family. It is intended to prove by
him and others that young Mitchell inherits peculiarities and eccentricities
bearing on religion from his father, Charles Mitchell. In the event this line
of testimony is admitted, Mr. Mills will be on the stand again tomorrow.
There are about 30 witnesses
to be here in Mitchell’s behalf, and it is doubted if the case will be placed
in the hands of the jury before the end of the week, or the fore part of next
week.
SHIPLEY’S OPENING STATEMENT
In his opening statement Mr.
Shipley said he would not deny the killing and explained that Mitchell’s
coolness, on which the state had dwelt, was the result of a fanatic
hallucination that he had been ordered by the spirit of his dead mother to kill
Creffield.
He laid great stress on the
fact that the elder Mitchell is a man of strongly religious nature, first
Quaker then a Salvation Army follower, and that this morbid religious strain
was inherited by the entire family, his son the defendant, being a
Spiritualist.
After outlining Creffield’s
careers from the date of his release from the Oregon state prison up to the
time of his second marriage with Maud Hurt at Seattle, Mr. Shipley continued:
“Shortly after this George
Mitchell is confined to the hospital in Portland with measles. The doctor who
attended him will testify as to his condition at that time and will testify
that the sole theme of the defendant’s conversation, even in his delirium, was
of his two sisters, and particularly Esther. At this time he claims that his
mother had revealed to him that Creffield was again at large and that his
influence was again going to be exerted over those two sisters. He asserted
that the spirits had revealed the fact that it was going to be given to him to
bring this unholy influence of Creffield to a close, the manner not yet being
revealed, however.
“One night towards the end
of April, some time between the close of the day and the ushering in of the
morn, Mr. Starr awakes to find that his wife has left him, leaving a note. The
next day the defendant calls at the house and reads the note, something to the
effect: ‘I cannot wait until daylight because the babies would cry to go with
me. I have taken $3.50 of your money, but I guess I have been worth that much
to you. It is not enough to pay my fare and I will have to walk to the place I
am going.’
“This brother, the
defendant, reads that letter and takes the motherless babies on his lap, one of
seven months, one of three and another of five years, and cries over them. He
tells them that his mother has told him that God would reveal to him where
their mother had gone--that God was going to tell him and he would bring mamma
back to them.”
Mr. Shipley concluded along
similar lines, showing the belief of Mitchell in spiritualism, and said that
several witnesses would testify from the stand as to conversations held with
Mitchell in which he had affirmed his revelations given from the spirits,
particularly that of his mother, in which he was told that he would remove
Creffield from the world.
(Article under this Defied By Woman Barber, Washington State Examiners Finally Cause Her Arrest, about a woman being denied a license supposedly because male barbers didn’t want women in the business.)
Chapter of Holy Rollers where these articles are some of the sources:
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
***
July 1, 1906: Creffield’s Ghost Controls His Flock
July 3, 1906: Hurt Tells of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
***
Newspaper Articles about Creffield & the Holy Rollers
1897-1903: B.C. (Before Creffield)
October to December 1903:Holy Rollers Burn Furniture & Pets
January to March, 1904: Holy Rollers Tarred and Feathered
April to June 1904: Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum
July 1904: Creffield is Found & Arrested
September 1904: Creffield's Trial
April 1906: Men are Gunning For Creffield
May 1906: Creffield is Murdered, Murderer is Considered a Hero
May 1906: Holy Rollers Found Starving Near Heceta Head
June 1906: George Mitchell's Trial Begins
July 1906: Hurt Testifies of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
July 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother
August to October 1906: Seattle Prepares for another Big Trial
November 1906: Maud Hurt Creffield Commits Suicide
April 1909-August 1914: Esther Leaves the Asylum
1953 Stewart Holbrook's Murder Without Tears
1951Startling Detective Magazine, Nemesis of the Nudist High Priest
***
Chapters from
Holy Rollers: Murder & Madness in Oregon's Love Cult
Part 1: The Seduction
Chapter 1: Trust Me, Brothers And Sisters
(Life Before Creffield [B.C.])
Chapter 2: God, Save Us From Compromising Preachers
(Creffield's Preachings)
Chapter 3: The Flock
(Profiles of the Holy Rollers Were)
Chapter 4: The Holy Rollers
(Things Start to Get Wild on on Kiger Island)
Chapter 5: Housecleaning
(There's a Sacrificial Bonfire)
Chapter 6: Community Concerns
(Officers Visit)
Chapter 7: Esther, The Chosen One
(Creffield Plans to Marry 16-Year- Old)
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
(The Men of Corvallis Act)
Chapter 9: Sane People Don’t Go Bareheaded
(Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum)
Chapter 10: More Beast Than Man
( Creffield is Arrested)
Chapter 11: God Will Plead Creffield's Case
(Creffield in Court)
Chapter 12: Scandal
(Shocking Testimony at the Trial)
Chapter 13: Calm Before the Storm
(The Holy Rollers Resume their Lives)
Chapter 14: Giving Up The Ghost
(Men are Gunning for Creffield)
Part Two: The People V. Creffield
Chapter 16: The Widow Creffield
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
Part Three: The Madness
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
Chapter 25: What Can Papa Do For You?
Chapter 26: Human Life is Too Cheap In This Community
Chapter 30: The Final Chapter
(What Happened to Everyone Afterwards)
The Epilogue
(Heaven's Gate)