Creffield and the Holy Rollers made page one headlines from 1903 to 1907. When I was researching Holy Rollers: Murder and Madness in Oregon’s Love Cult I spent months transcribing hundreds of articles. I’m not sure why I was so obsessive. Maybe it was my way of immersing my self into a cult without joining one. Anyway, I’m posting them all for those who are really interested in the story, or are interested the history of journalism, or are interested in how a scandalous story played out in the "media" in a by gone era. Since I no doubt made typos and unconsciously corrected papers' typos, these web pages should not be cited in anything serious (e.g. your dissertation). For such projects they should only be used as starting points and you should refer to the original sources. If you want a shorter version of the story, buy my book. Enjoy.
June 19, 1906: Many Witnesses For Mitchell
Many Witnesses For Mitchell
Attorney Will H. Morris Secures Superior Court Order
for Thirty Prominent Oregonians to Attend Trial. Men and Women Who Have Felt
Blight of Creffield’s Teachings Will Tell of Holy Roller Doings on Stand.
At the request of Attorney
Will H. Morris, of the law firm of Morris, Southard & Shipley, attorneys
for George Mitchell, slayer of Joshua Creffield, whose case will be drawn for
trial on June 25, Superior Judge Frater this morning signed an order giving
permission to serve subpoenas on thirty witnesses for the defense living in
Oregon. As an indication of the court’s opinion as the probable length of the
trial, is the fact that Judge Frater questioned the necessity of the witnesses
being in court on June 26, the day on which Mr. Morris wants them to be ordered
to attend.
Judge Frater gave as his
opinion that at least three days and possibly longer would be required to
obtain a jury, and stated that as the state would be required to pay these
witnesses he did not want them here before they were actually needed. Mr.
Morris replied that arrangements had been made with the greater number of his
witnesses to remain in Oregon until summoned by telegraph in time for them to
reach Seattle on the day when their presence would be required in court, but
that there were five or six whom he wanted here on the date in question. On
this understanding, Judge Frater signed the order.
MANY PROMINENT OREGONIANS
Among those who will testify
on behalf of Mitchell are several prominent Oregonians. Many others have had
dear experience concerning the results of Creffield’s presence in the state. On
the list filed with the county clerk this morning is the name of John Manning,
prosecuting attorney for Multnomah County; Dr. F. W. Brooks, one of the most
prominent physicians in Portland; William T. Gardner, superintendent of the
Boys’ and Girls’ Aid Society, at which institution Esther Mitchell, a
sixteen-year-old sister of the defendant, was committed for a year as the
result of Creffield’s influence, and Mary J. Graham, matron of the same
institution.
William J. McMillan and Milt
Beem, two men who drove Creffield from the beach at Waldport, where he had
established a colony and later brought the misguided and starving victims back
to their homes, are on the list, as is also Edwin H. Baldwin, who was only
prevented from making Mitchell’s act unnecessary by the fact that the revolver
with which he attempted to shoot Creffield missed fire (sic). Lewis Hartley,
another witness, has had his family broken up by Creffield.
MITCHELL’S RELATIVES TO
TESTIFY
Other witnesses will be
Mitchell’s relatives and relatives of Mrs. Creffield, and mayors, peace
officers and well known citizens of various places in Oregon, who have known
the defendant from the time he was five years old, and who will testify to his
good character and also to the provocation which led to his killing Creffield. In
addition to the witnesses mentioned in the order secured today Mr. Morris
states that some thirty additional witnesses will be subpoenaed before the
trial is over.
Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney John F. Miller left yesterday for Corvallis and other Oregon towns for
the purpose of securing data and information to be used by the prosecution. He
will be away for several days.
Seattle Star 6/22/1906 p1
Mitchell’s Brother Here For the Trial
Comes from Danville to Lend What Assistance He Can to
the Slayer of Holy Roller Creffield.
Perry Mitchell, brother of
George Mitchell, arrived in Seattle this morning from Danville, Ill, to be
present when his brother is placed on trial Monday for the killing of Edmund
Creffield, the Holy Roller leader.
Upon his arrival in the city
at about 10 o’clock he almost immediately went to the courthouse and visited
his brother. They talked for about an hour in the jailer’s office and then
Perry made direct for the offices of his brother’s attorneys. He was seen at
the court house by a reporter for the Star.
WILL HELP BROTHER
“I don’t want to say
anything about this affair yet till I’ve seen the attorneys,” he said. “I’ve
come all the way from Illinois to do what I can to help my brother, and it
would be foolish to say something that would weaken our side. I was in Danville
when I read in one of the papers that my brother had killed that cur,
Creffield, and I left the town immediately for Seattle. I haven’t seen my
sister, Esther, yet. I didn’t even know she was in town until this morning.
INTEREST GROWS
Interest in the case is
increasing as the time for the trial approaches. The prosecuting attorney’s
office has laid aside all other business in the preparation of the prosecution,
and the same thing can be said regarding the preparation for the defense.
Mr. Shipley says that he
receives letters every day from prominent people in Portland offering their
services as witnesses or in any other way they can be of help to the defense.
Corvallis Times 6/22/1906 p2
Begins Monday
Trial of George Mitchell--Corvallis Witnesses Leave
for Seattle Tomorrow.
Several Corvallisites leave
tomorrow and next day for Seattle to be witnesses in the trial of George
Mitchell, the slayer of Creffield. The trial is set for Monday morning, and promises
to be a memorable legal battle. The subpoenaing of the
Corvallis witnesses was done by Sheriff Burnett yesterday. On the list is O. V. Hurt, Miss May Hurt, Mrs. B. E. Starr, E. H.
Baldwin, E. R. Bryson, Sheriff Burnett and Lewis Hartley. Others who will
appear as witnesses are B. E. Starr, District Attorney Manning, and the
superintendent and other attaches of the Boys’ and Girls’ home of Portland. These
witnesses are 29 in number, all being for the defense. For the prosecution, but
one witness will be summoned, to wit, Maud Hurt, who has been held ever since
the shooting by the Seattle authorities to give testimony. Mr. Bryson and Mr.
Burnett will not go unless wired for.
Lawyers for both the
prosecution and defense have been in Corvallis to gather evidence. Mr. Morris
the most renowned criminal lawyers perhaps in Washington was here several weeks ago, familiarizing himself with the circumstances incident
to Creffield’s career, and selecting matter for defending young Mitchell. Tuesday,
Deputy Prosecuting Attorney Miller of Seattle, was in Corvallis on a similar
errand in behalf of the prosecution. He was but half a day in town, and is
understood to have found little here to encourage his side of the case. He said
in private that everybody he met in Corvallis was prompt to declare that
Creffield ought to have been killed long before,” adding that he never saw such
unanimity of sentiment.
The trial will attract a
great deal of attention. The battle to save the life of Mitchell will be all that
legal talent and human intelligence can muster. One of the lawyers for the
defense is an Oregon boy, Silas Shipley, who is a graduate of Pacific
University at Forest Grove, and is said to be one of the most effective
advocated in the country.
Belief is pretty general
that the jury will find justification for Mitchell’s act and that the boy will
not be subjected to severe punishment. There are, in fact, many who anticipate
an acquittal.
Seattle Star 6/19/1906 p1
Witnesses Called in Mitchell
Case
Prosecution and Defense are Making Last Preparations
For Trial Which Will Be Heard Next Monday.
The last important step for
the trial of George Mitchell, for the murder of Edmund Creffield on the streets
of Seattle on May 7 last, were made today by the office of Prosecuting Attorney
Mackintosh and by the attorneys for the defense, Morris, Southard &
Shipley.
MILLER IS ABSENT
Chief Deputy Prosecuting
Attorney Miller has been absent from the city since Sunday. Mr. Mackintosh and
his deputies disclaim any knowledge of his whereabouts, but a telegram received
from Corvallis this morning states that Mr. Miller is expected in that city
some time today, where he will collect evidence for the prosecution.
This morning Mr. Morris
appeared before Judge Frater and asked that certain witnesses for the defense
be subpoenaed, the order being issued. The wittiness are:
O. V. Hurt, Mitchell’s
brother-in-law,; John Catlin, Lewis Hartley, Phoebe
Vander Kellen, Mrs. Hager, Milt Beam, Charles Shires,
Alpheus Mills, Edwin H. Baldwin, George Van Drant,
John Baldwin, William T. Gardner, Dr. F. W. Brooks, Peter View, William J.
McMillan, Fred Mitchell, George’s brother; James K. Berry, Burgess E. Starr,
Mitchell’s brother-in-law,; Emory P. Harris, Mary J. Graham, John Manning, J.
J. Woods, Henry R. Morris, E. R. Bryson, M. P. Burnett, Mrs. Hager, Mr. Grover
and Mrs. Burgess E. Starr and May Hurt, Mitchell’s sisters.
Corvallis Gazette 6/19/1906 p2
Additional Local
The following amounts have
been handed the Gazette for the aid of George H. Mitchell, whose trial begins
in Seattle the 25th; Ernest Fischer, 50¢; John Calverley,
50¢; C. A. Bohannon, $5.00; A. E. Mallow, 50 cents.
Seattle Post Intelligencer 6/23/1906 p9
Coming In Defense of Geo. H. Mitchell
Witnesses Will Leave Corvallis Today to Appear at
Seattle Murder Trial.
Special to
the Post-Intelligencer.
CORVALLIS, June 23.--O. V. Hurt, E. D. Baldwin and J. K. Berry will leave
tomorrow morning for Seattle as witnesses George H. Mitchell, charged with the
murder of Franz Edmund Creffield.
Subpoenas have been received
for fifty witnesses here, including Sheriff Burnett, Attorney Bryson, Miss Mae
Hurt, Lewis Hartley, Mrs. Burgess Starr and others. It is probable the sheriff
and Attorney Bryson may go the first of the week.
Mrs. Burgess Starr today signified her intention to go to her home in Portland tomorrow. She will not go to Seattle.
Seattle Post Intelligencer 6/23/1906 p9
Attorneys Ready For Mitchell Trial
Both Prosecuting Attorney
Kenneth Mackintosh and Morris, Southard & Shipley, attorneys for the
defense, state they are ready for the trial of George Mitchell, accused of the
murder of J. Creffield, which is to begin next Monday. Deputy Prosecuting
Attorney John R. Miller is in Oregon, looking up features of the case, but is stated
that most, if not all the state’s evidence will be Seattle people.
“The great fight will be,”
said Attorney S. M. Shipley, yesterday “in securing the admission of testimony
of our witnesses regarding the doings of Creffield in Oregon. We expect,
however, by the time the case goes to the jury, that the jury men will be
pretty well informed as to the facts of the case. The trial will, I think, last
some weeks. We have our witnesses ready to come whenever summoned by telegraph,
but there will be many difficulties encountered. It will probably require at
least three days to select the jury, so difficult will it be to find anyone who
is not acquainted with the case, or who has not formed an opinion on it.”
A brother of Mitchell
arrived from Illinois yesterday. He is the man who took Esther Mitchell East
after she was declared to have been rendered insane by the preachings of
Creffield.
Seattle Star 6/23/1906 p1
Will Testify For Mitchell
Witnesses From Oregon Will Arrive in Seattle
Tomorrow--Case is Ready for Monday Morning,
Several important witnesses
in the trial of George Mitchell for the murder of Franz Edmund Creffield are
expected to arrive in Seattle tomorrow from Oregon. These people are relatives
of Mitchell and one or two are business men. In a
letter received by Morris & Shipley last night the following names are
mentioned as among those who are expected: O. V. Hurt, B. H. Baldwin, J. K.
Berry and Burgess E. Starr.
It is not known yet whether
Mrs. Starr will be at the trial or not.
Practically
all the preparations have been made by both sides for the hearing of the case
Monday morning.
Evening Telegram (Portland) Sat 6/23/1906 p4
Mitchell Trial is Absorbing Topic
Corvallis Taking Much Interest in Coming Fate of
Creffield’s Slayer.
[Telegram Coast Special]
CORVALLIS, Or., June 23.--Great interest is being taken in the Mitchell
trial, which is set for June 25 at Seattle. Attorney Will Morris, for the
defense, and Deputy Prosecuting Attorney John Miller have both visited
Corvallis in search of evidence for their respective sides of the case. So far
as known, the prosecution has not summoned any witnesses from this section. For
the defense the following subpoenas have been issued: J. K. Berry, Mae Hurt, O.
V. Hurt, Lewis Hartley, E. R. Bryson, M. P. Burnett, Ed Baldwin, John Baldwin,
Ed Glover, of Corvallis; John Manning, Prosecuting Attorney, Multnomah County,
W. T. Gardner, Superintendent Boys’ and Girls’ Aid Society; Mary J. Graham,
matron Boys’ and Girls’ Society; J. J. Wood, attorney; Burgess Starr, Mrs.
Burgess Starr and Phoebe Vanderkelen, sisters of Mitchell; Fred Mitchell, a
brother; Mrs. Hager, Dr. F. W. Brooks, Peter View, Emery P.Harris,
Henry R. Morris, of Portland; Charles Shires and Alpheus Mills, Mayor and
Marshall of Newberg, Milt Beem, Tidewater; John Catlin and George Van Drant, Albany; William J. McMillan, Waldport. Among those
from Corvallis, E. R. Bryson is Prosecuting Attorney of Benton County, and M.
P. Burnett, Sheriff.
Morning Oregonian (Portland) 6/23/1906 p6
Witnesses From Corvallis
Many Subpoenaed to Attend George Mitchell’s Trial at
Seattle.
CORVALLIS, Or., June 22.--(Special.)-- Witnesses are being subpoenaed
here for the trial of George Mitchell, slayer of Creffield, to begin in the
Seattle courts Monday. among those to go from here are
(the usual list.) Lawyers for both the prosecution and defense have been in the
Corvallis, gathering testimony. Will H. Morris, senior counsel for the defense, was here for several days weeks ago, and Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, John F. Miller, of King County, left here Wednesday
morning after a stay of a day.
Mr. Morris is understood to
have found much evidence of value to his case, but the common opinion is that
the prosecution’s representative found only a strong and universal sentiment
justifying Mitchell’s act and a united hope that the Washington jury may get a
full conception of his provocation.
Some of the witnesses will
leave for Seattle tomorrow.
Evening Telegram (Portland) 6/23/1906 p5
All Ready For Mitchell Trial
Defense Prepared to Wage Great Battle for Slayer of
Creffield.
[Telegram Coast Special.]
SEATTLE, Wash., June 23.--Both Prosecuting Attorney Kenneth MacKintosh and Morris Southard and Shipley, attorneys for the defense, state they are
ready for the trial of George Mitchell, accused of the murder of Joshua
Creffield, which is to begin Monday. Deputy Prosecuting Attorney Miller is in
Oregon looking up features of the case, but it is stated that most, if not all
the state’s evidence, will be Seattle people.
“A great fight will be
waged.” said Attorney Shipley, “in securing the admission of testimony of our
witnesses regarding the doings of Creffield in Oregon. We expect, however, by
the time the case goes to the jury, that the jury men will be pretty well
informed as to the facts of the case. We have our witnesses ready to come
whenever summoned by telegraph, but there will be many difficulties
encountered. It will probably require at least three days to select a jury, so
difficult will it be to find any one who is not acquainted with the case, or
who has not formed and opinion on it.”
Chapter of Holy Rollers where these articles are some of the sources:
Chapter 17: Killer or Hero
***
June 16, 1906: Prosecution and Defense are Making Last Preparations
June 24, 1906: Trial Will Cost Taxpayers Ten Thousand Dollars
***
Newspaper Articles about Creffield & the Holy Rollers
1897-1903: B.C. (Before Creffield)
October to December 1903:Holy Rollers Burn Furniture & Pets
January to March, 1904: Holy Rollers Tarred and Feathered
April to June 1904: Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum
July 1904: Creffield is Found & Arrested
September 1904: Creffield's Trial
April 1906: Men are Gunning For Creffield
May 1906: Creffield is Murdered, Murderer is Considered a Hero
May 1906: Holy Rollers Found Starving Near Heceta Head
June 1906: George Mitchell's Trial Begins
July 1906: Hurt Testifies of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
July 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother
August to October 1906: Seattle Prepares for another Big Trial
November 1906: Maud Hurt Creffield Commits Suicide
April 1909-August 1914: Esther Leaves the Asylum
1953 Stewart Holbrook's Murder Without Tears
1951Startling Detective Magazine, Nemesis of the Nudist High Priest
***
Chapters from
Holy Rollers: Murder & Madness in Oregon's Love Cult
Part 1: The Seduction
Chapter 1: Trust Me, Brothers And Sisters
(Life Before Creffield [B.C.])
Chapter 2: God, Save Us From Compromising Preachers
(Creffield's Preachings)
Chapter 3: The Flock
(Profiles of the Holy Rollers Were)
Chapter 4: The Holy Rollers
(Things Start to Get Wild on on Kiger Island)
Chapter 5: Housecleaning
(There's a Sacrificial Bonfire)
Chapter 6: Community Concerns
(Officers Visit)
Chapter 7: Esther, The Chosen One
(Creffield Plans to Marry 16-Year- Old)
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
(The Men of Corvallis Act)
Chapter 9: Sane People Don’t Go Bareheaded
(Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum)
Chapter 10: More Beast Than Man
( Creffield is Arrested)
Chapter 11: God Will Plead Creffield's Case
(Creffield in Court)
Chapter 12: Scandal
(Shocking Testimony at the Trial)
Chapter 13: Calm Before the Storm
(The Holy Rollers Resume their Lives)
Chapter 14: Giving Up The Ghost
(Men are Gunning for Creffield)
Part Two: The People V. Creffield
Chapter 16: The Widow Creffield
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
Part Three: The Madness
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
Chapter 25: What Can Papa Do For You?
Chapter 26: Human Life is Too Cheap In This Community
Chapter 30: The Final Chapter
(What Happened to Everyone Afterwards)
The Epilogue
(Heaven's Gate)