Creffield and the Holy Rollers made page one headlines from 1903 to 1907. When I was researching Holy Rollers: Murder and Madness in Oregon’s Love Cult I spent months transcribing hundreds of articles. I’m not sure why I was so obsessive. Maybe it was my way of immersing my self into a cult without joining one. Anyway, I’m posting them all for those who are really interested in the story, or are interested the history of journalism, or are interested in how a scandalous story played out in the "media" in a by gone era. Since I no doubt made typos and unconsciously corrected papers' typos, these web pages should not be cited in anything serious (e.g. your dissertation). For such projects they should only be used as starting points and you should refer to the original sources. If you want a shorter version of the story, buy my book. Enjoy.
February 1, 1904: Camp In Linn County Is Broken Up By Officers
HEADLINES IN DIFFERENT PAPERS FOR THE SAME ARTICLE
Morning Oregonian (Portland) Mon 2/1/1904 p4
Holy Rollers Run Out
Corvallis Times 2/3/1904 p4
Driven From Linn
Camp In Linn County Is Broken Up By Officers.
Apostles in a Remarkably Filthy
Personal Condition Are Moved on Toward Marion County
Holy Roller Apostles Sent Away By Lebanon Citizens
Brooks Was Among Them, but
Creffield Was Not Their--Camp was Surrounded in the Belief That They Were
Robbers.
ALBANY, Or., Jan. 31. -- (Special.) -- Camped in the dense timber on the Meeker place in the
extreme northern part of Linn County, avoiding the people of the neighborhood
and passers-by; unkempt and unclean, the Holy Roller apostles were taken for
the robbers who have recently been at work in Woodburn, Brownsville, Dallas and
elsewhere.
Their presence was reported
to Constable Jones, of Jefferson, who communicated with Sheriff Huston and
Chief Police McClain, of Albany. These officials immediately repaired to the
scene of action, located the bold robbers and prepared to capture them. Denizens
of the neighborhood to the number of a dozen, armed with shotguns and such
firearms as are found on a farm, joined the police.
When the lair of the supposed
fugitives was reached, the hastily collected army began to surround the
retreat, so as effectually to block any attempt to escape. Great was the
surprise of the man-hunters when the cordon of justice had closed in, not to
find a number of desperate and determined defiers of justice, but instead to
see Apostle Brooks, Levine and Campbell, of the Holy Roller denomination,
humbly perusing their Bibles.
The apostles were camped
under the open sky, with no protection from the elements other than a windbreak
improvised with fir boughs. Their beds were of ferns and a ragged blanket. A
few potatoes, some dirty flour and a little whole wheat constituted the bill of
fare in the Holy Roller Kitchen. The apostles themselves were in a disgusting
state of filth, with matted hair and unkempt person.
People of the neighborhood
entered a complaint, and Sheriff Huston ordered the Rollers to move on. The men
protested against moving on Sunday, saying they wanted to read their Bibles. But
finding protests were useless, they inquired the distance to Marion County and
immediately took up their beds and walked.
There were no women with the
apostles, who had not been heard from since they were in Brownsville some time
ago. Brooks refused to divulge the hiding place of
Creffield.
HEADLINES IN DIFFERENT PAPERS FOR THE SAME ARTICLE
Albany Democrat 2/5/1904 p4
Holy Rollers
Brownsville Times 2/5/1904 p4
Holy Rollers
Raided, Routed and Rolled Northward.
A telephone message was received in Albany Saturday evening from Constable Jones, of Jefferson, that three suspicious looking men were camped in the woods on this side of the Santiam and was believed they were the Woodburn robbers.
In response to
the message on Sunday morning Sheriff Huston, Chief-of-Police McCain, with a
heavily loaded shotgun and revolvers left for the place being joined by
Constable Jones and Ex Recorder Ed Meeker. About 10 o’clock they marched upon
the camp beyond the Meeker farm. When almost there
McClain’s shotgun was accidentally discharged, and it was thought it might
cause the fleeing of the men, but upon reaching the camp three dilapidated
looking fellows were found around a fire under a big tree. Explanations were
made and it was learned that the party consisted of C.E. Brooks, tarred and
feathered at Corvallis, Sampson Levins and Lee Campbell, all Holy Rollers, who
since the Corvallis affair have been kicked and bounced along, living out in
the woods at different places. Brooks declared they were being persecuted for
the Lord’s sake. They refused to tell where Creffield is located.
The only food in
the camp was a little flour and some potatoes. Their breakfast had been
potatoes straight. Brooks said he had a little money.
The sheriff ordered them to break and leave. At first they objected to traveling on Sunday, but the argument was forceable and they left. Jones warned them to pass through Jefferson without stopping, and this they did, and are now marching on the capital of the state.
The men’s Holy
Rolling proclivities were as strong as ever. They said they had been there
about a week waiting for orders to move according to the Lord’s will.
Corvallis Gazette 2/2/1904 p3
Lebanon’s Holy Rollers
(The usual story
of Book’s filthy camp ion the woods, plus. . .)
As people in the
neighborhood were anxious to be rid of them for good, the officers insisted on
their taking up their line of march for the nearest
way out of the county. So they put in the rest of they day on their northward
march. We are sorry for Marion County, but they have several state institutions
there and it is possible that the two may find a resting place in one of them.
Corvallis Times 2/3/1904 p3
Mrs. Creffield,
nee Miss Maud Hurt, has arrived and was on the streets yesterday.
Corvallis Times 2/3/1904 p3
Mrs. B. F. Seeley
is in Portland taking electrical treatment for tumorous or other afflictions,
the exact nature of which seems not be fully understood.
Corvallis Times 2/3/1904 p3
Accounts of the doings of the Holy Rollers have penetrated even to far off Scotland. A copy of the Edinburgh Scotchman containing a column and a half story of the sect has reached the “Times” office. The article is sensationally written, and mixed with the truth there is a varied, but highly interesting amount of the imaginative. The story is founded on the original outbreak of the sect in which furniture, musical instruments, and the bodies of domestic animals were burned, and it includes the raid of the officers, the examination for insanity, and the flight and return of Brooks and Creffield. A young woman is mentioned as being selected for the sacrifice, and the story of her doings as Creffield stands with uplifted hands in the midst of the smoke from a sacrificial fire is dramatic in the extreme. The article is of engrossing interest both as a matter of curiosity and as showing the intense interest the doings of the sect have aroused all over the civilized world. The story will appear in full in Saturday’s issue of the “Times.”
Chapter of Holy Rollers where these articles are some of the sources:
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
***
January 25: Holy Rollers’ in Hobo Camp Life
February 6, 1904: How They Tell The Holy Roller Story In Far Off Scotland
***
Newspaper Articles about Creffield & the Holy Rollers
1897-1903: B.C. (Before Creffield)
October to December 1903:Holy Rollers Burn Furniture & Pets
January to March, 1904: Holy Rollers Tarred and Feathered
April to June 1904: Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum
July 1904: Creffield is Found & Arrested
September 1904: Creffield's Trial
April 1906: Men are Gunning For Creffield
May 1906: Creffield is Murdered, Murderer is Considered a Hero
May 1906: Holy Rollers Found Starving Near Heceta Head
June 1906: George Mitchell's Trial Begins
July 1906: Hurt Testifies of Debauched Wife and Debased Sisters
July 1906: Esther Mitchell Kills Her Brother
August to October 1906: Seattle Prepares for another Big Trial
November 1906: Maud Hurt Creffield Commits Suicide
April 1909-August 1914: Esther Leaves the Asylum
1953 Stewart Holbrook's Murder Without Tears
1951Startling Detective Magazine, Nemesis of the Nudist High Priest
***
Chapters from
Holy Rollers: Murder & Madness in Oregon's Love Cult
Part 1: The Seduction
Chapter 1: Trust Me, Brothers And Sisters
(Life Before Creffield [B.C.])
Chapter 2: God, Save Us From Compromising Preachers
(Creffield's Preachings)
Chapter 3: The Flock
(Profiles of the Holy Rollers Were)
Chapter 4: The Holy Rollers
(Things Start to Get Wild on on Kiger Island)
Chapter 5: Housecleaning
(There's a Sacrificial Bonfire)
Chapter 6: Community Concerns
(Officers Visit)
Chapter 7: Esther, The Chosen One
(Creffield Plans to Marry 16-Year- Old)
Chapter 8: Tar and Feathers
(The Men of Corvallis Act)
Chapter 9: Sane People Don’t Go Bareheaded
(Holy Rollers are Committed to the Asylum)
Chapter 10: More Beast Than Man
( Creffield is Arrested)
Chapter 11: God Will Plead Creffield's Case
(Creffield in Court)
Chapter 12: Scandal
(Shocking Testimony at the Trial)
Chapter 13: Calm Before the Storm
(The Holy Rollers Resume their Lives)
Chapter 14: Giving Up The Ghost
(Men are Gunning for Creffield)
Part Two: The People V. Creffield
Chapter 16: The Widow Creffield
Chapter 19: An Inherited Streak of Insanity
Part Three: The Madness
Chapter 23: Seeking Reconciliation
Chapter 24: Another Holy Roller Page One Murder
Chapter 25: What Can Papa Do For You?
Chapter 26: Human Life is Too Cheap In This Community
Chapter 30: The Final Chapter
(What Happened to Everyone Afterwards)
The Epilogue
(Heaven's Gate)